Fused Filament Fabrication Three-Dimensional Printing Multi-Functional of Polylactic Acid/Carbon Black Nanocomposites
Conductive Polymer Composites (CPCs) have recently gained an extensive scientific interest as feedstock materials in Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) Three-dimensional (3D) printing. Polylactic Acid (PLA), widely used in FFF 3D printing, as well as its Carbon Black (CB) nanocomposites at different w...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | C |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5629/7/3/52 |
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| author | Nectarios Vidakis Markos Petousis Emmanuel Velidakis Nikolaos Mountakis Peder Erik Fischer-Griffiths Sotirios Grammatikos Lazaros Tzounis |
| author_facet | Nectarios Vidakis Markos Petousis Emmanuel Velidakis Nikolaos Mountakis Peder Erik Fischer-Griffiths Sotirios Grammatikos Lazaros Tzounis |
| author_sort | Nectarios Vidakis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Conductive Polymer Composites (CPCs) have recently gained an extensive scientific interest as feedstock materials in Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) Three-dimensional (3D) printing. Polylactic Acid (PLA), widely used in FFF 3D printing, as well as its Carbon Black (CB) nanocomposites at different weight percentage (wt.%) filler loadings (0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 wt.%), were prepared via a melt mixing filament extrusion process in this study and utilized to manufacture FFF 3D printed specimens. The nanocomposites were examined for their electrical conductivity. The highest loaded 3D printed CPC (5.0 wt.%) was tested as an electrothermal Joule heating device. Static tensile, flexural, Charpy’s impact and Vickers microhardness mechanical properties were investigated for the neat and PLA/CB 3D printed nanocomposites. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) revealed a stiffening mechanism for the PLA/CB nanocomposites. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) elucidated the samples’ internal and external microstructural characteristics. The PLA/CB 5.0 wt.% nanocomposite demonstrated also antibacterial properties, when examined with a screening process, against <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>). It can be envisaged that the 3D printed PLA/CB CPCs exhibited a multi-functional performance, and could open new avenues towards low-cost personalized biomedical objects with complex geometry, amongst others, i.e., surgery tools, splints, wearables, etc. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:50:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6dd6406cc49c40c29c8bf9146883b2a5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-5629 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:50:22Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | C |
| spelling | doaj.art-6dd6406cc49c40c29c8bf9146883b2a52023-11-22T12:19:47ZengMDPI AGC2311-56292021-07-01735210.3390/c7030052Fused Filament Fabrication Three-Dimensional Printing Multi-Functional of Polylactic Acid/Carbon Black NanocompositesNectarios Vidakis0Markos Petousis1Emmanuel Velidakis2Nikolaos Mountakis3Peder Erik Fischer-Griffiths4Sotirios Grammatikos5Lazaros Tzounis6Mechanical Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71004 Heraklion, GreeceMechanical Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71004 Heraklion, GreeceMechanical Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71004 Heraklion, GreeceMechanical Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71004 Heraklion, GreeceGroup of Sustainable Composites, Department of Manufacturing and Civil Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2815 Gjøvik, NorwayGroup of Sustainable Composites, Department of Manufacturing and Civil Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2815 Gjøvik, NorwayDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceConductive Polymer Composites (CPCs) have recently gained an extensive scientific interest as feedstock materials in Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) Three-dimensional (3D) printing. Polylactic Acid (PLA), widely used in FFF 3D printing, as well as its Carbon Black (CB) nanocomposites at different weight percentage (wt.%) filler loadings (0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 wt.%), were prepared via a melt mixing filament extrusion process in this study and utilized to manufacture FFF 3D printed specimens. The nanocomposites were examined for their electrical conductivity. The highest loaded 3D printed CPC (5.0 wt.%) was tested as an electrothermal Joule heating device. Static tensile, flexural, Charpy’s impact and Vickers microhardness mechanical properties were investigated for the neat and PLA/CB 3D printed nanocomposites. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) revealed a stiffening mechanism for the PLA/CB nanocomposites. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) elucidated the samples’ internal and external microstructural characteristics. The PLA/CB 5.0 wt.% nanocomposite demonstrated also antibacterial properties, when examined with a screening process, against <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>). It can be envisaged that the 3D printed PLA/CB CPCs exhibited a multi-functional performance, and could open new avenues towards low-cost personalized biomedical objects with complex geometry, amongst others, i.e., surgery tools, splints, wearables, etc.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5629/7/3/52fused filament fabrication (FFF)three-dimensional (3D) printingconductive polymer composites (CPCs)nanocompositeselectrothermal effectantibacterial properties |
| spellingShingle | Nectarios Vidakis Markos Petousis Emmanuel Velidakis Nikolaos Mountakis Peder Erik Fischer-Griffiths Sotirios Grammatikos Lazaros Tzounis Fused Filament Fabrication Three-Dimensional Printing Multi-Functional of Polylactic Acid/Carbon Black Nanocomposites C fused filament fabrication (FFF) three-dimensional (3D) printing conductive polymer composites (CPCs) nanocomposites electrothermal effect antibacterial properties |
| title | Fused Filament Fabrication Three-Dimensional Printing Multi-Functional of Polylactic Acid/Carbon Black Nanocomposites |
| title_full | Fused Filament Fabrication Three-Dimensional Printing Multi-Functional of Polylactic Acid/Carbon Black Nanocomposites |
| title_fullStr | Fused Filament Fabrication Three-Dimensional Printing Multi-Functional of Polylactic Acid/Carbon Black Nanocomposites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fused Filament Fabrication Three-Dimensional Printing Multi-Functional of Polylactic Acid/Carbon Black Nanocomposites |
| title_short | Fused Filament Fabrication Three-Dimensional Printing Multi-Functional of Polylactic Acid/Carbon Black Nanocomposites |
| title_sort | fused filament fabrication three dimensional printing multi functional of polylactic acid carbon black nanocomposites |
| topic | fused filament fabrication (FFF) three-dimensional (3D) printing conductive polymer composites (CPCs) nanocomposites electrothermal effect antibacterial properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5629/7/3/52 |
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