Computational Modeling of Skull Bone Structures and Simulation of Skull Fractures Using the YEAHM Head Model
The human head is a complex multi-layered structure of hard and soft tissues, governed by complex materials laws and interactions. Computational models of the human head have been developed over the years, reaching high levels of detail, complexity, and precision. However, most of the attention has...
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/9/9/267 |
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| author | Alcino Barbosa Fábio A. O. Fernandes Ricardo J. Alves de Sousa Mariusz Ptak Johannes Wilhelm |
| author_facet | Alcino Barbosa Fábio A. O. Fernandes Ricardo J. Alves de Sousa Mariusz Ptak Johannes Wilhelm |
| author_sort | Alcino Barbosa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The human head is a complex multi-layered structure of hard and soft tissues, governed by complex materials laws and interactions. Computational models of the human head have been developed over the years, reaching high levels of detail, complexity, and precision. However, most of the attention has been devoted to the brain and other intracranial structures. The skull, despite playing a major role in direct head impacts, is often overlooked and simplified. In this work, a new skull model is developed for the authors’ head model, the YEAHM, based on the original outer geometry, but segmenting it with sutures, diploë, and cortical bone, having variable thickness across different head sections and based on medical craniometric data. These structures are modeled with constitutive models that consider the non-linear behavior of skull bones and also the nature of their failure. Several validations are performed, comparing the simulation results with experimental results available in the literature at several levels: (i) local material validation; (ii) blunt trauma from direct impact against stationary skull; (iii) three impacts at different velocities simulating falls; (iv) blunt ballistic temporoparietal head impacts. Accelerations, impact forces, and fracture patterns are used to validate the skull model. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:09:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6dd6aad8ce6b45cabc880001b2f0e881 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:09:22Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-6dd6aad8ce6b45cabc880001b2f0e8812023-12-03T12:00:01ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372020-09-019926710.3390/biology9090267Computational Modeling of Skull Bone Structures and Simulation of Skull Fractures Using the YEAHM Head ModelAlcino Barbosa0Fábio A. O. Fernandes1Ricardo J. Alves de Sousa2Mariusz Ptak3Johannes Wilhelm4TEMA: Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalTEMA: Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalTEMA: Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Łukasiewicza 7/9, 50-371 Wrocław, PolandFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Łukasiewicza 7/9, 50-371 Wrocław, PolandThe human head is a complex multi-layered structure of hard and soft tissues, governed by complex materials laws and interactions. Computational models of the human head have been developed over the years, reaching high levels of detail, complexity, and precision. However, most of the attention has been devoted to the brain and other intracranial structures. The skull, despite playing a major role in direct head impacts, is often overlooked and simplified. In this work, a new skull model is developed for the authors’ head model, the YEAHM, based on the original outer geometry, but segmenting it with sutures, diploë, and cortical bone, having variable thickness across different head sections and based on medical craniometric data. These structures are modeled with constitutive models that consider the non-linear behavior of skull bones and also the nature of their failure. Several validations are performed, comparing the simulation results with experimental results available in the literature at several levels: (i) local material validation; (ii) blunt trauma from direct impact against stationary skull; (iii) three impacts at different velocities simulating falls; (iv) blunt ballistic temporoparietal head impacts. Accelerations, impact forces, and fracture patterns are used to validate the skull model.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/9/9/267finite element methodskulltrabecular bonecortical bonebiomechanicshead injury |
| spellingShingle | Alcino Barbosa Fábio A. O. Fernandes Ricardo J. Alves de Sousa Mariusz Ptak Johannes Wilhelm Computational Modeling of Skull Bone Structures and Simulation of Skull Fractures Using the YEAHM Head Model Biology finite element method skull trabecular bone cortical bone biomechanics head injury |
| title | Computational Modeling of Skull Bone Structures and Simulation of Skull Fractures Using the YEAHM Head Model |
| title_full | Computational Modeling of Skull Bone Structures and Simulation of Skull Fractures Using the YEAHM Head Model |
| title_fullStr | Computational Modeling of Skull Bone Structures and Simulation of Skull Fractures Using the YEAHM Head Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Computational Modeling of Skull Bone Structures and Simulation of Skull Fractures Using the YEAHM Head Model |
| title_short | Computational Modeling of Skull Bone Structures and Simulation of Skull Fractures Using the YEAHM Head Model |
| title_sort | computational modeling of skull bone structures and simulation of skull fractures using the yeahm head model |
| topic | finite element method skull trabecular bone cortical bone biomechanics head injury |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/9/9/267 |
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