Prevalence and Predictors of Radiographically Apparent Upper Urinary Tract Urolithiasis in Eight Dog Breeds Predisposed to Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis and Mixed Breed Dogs
Data on upper urinary tract (UUT) uroliths in dogs are important to understanding their etiology. The aim of this retrospective case-control study was to determine the prevalence and identify predictors of radiographically apparent UUT uroliths in dog breeds at increased risk for calcium oxalate uro...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/9/6/283 |
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| author | Alexis M. Hoelmer Jody P. Lulich Aaron K. Rendahl Eva Furrow |
| author_facet | Alexis M. Hoelmer Jody P. Lulich Aaron K. Rendahl Eva Furrow |
| author_sort | Alexis M. Hoelmer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Data on upper urinary tract (UUT) uroliths in dogs are important to understanding their etiology. The aim of this retrospective case-control study was to determine the prevalence and identify predictors of radiographically apparent UUT uroliths in dog breeds at increased risk for calcium oxalate uroliths (CaOx risk breeds) and mixed breed dogs. Radiologist reports of three-view abdominal radiographs were reviewed from 251 purebred dogs of 8 CaOx risk breeds and 68 mixed breed dogs. UUT uroliths were more common in CaOx risk breeds than mixed breed dogs (23% versus 6%, respectively; OR = 4.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7–18.9, <i>p</i> < 0.001). UUT uroliths were more common in dogs with lower urinary tract (LUT) uroliths (predominantly calcium-containing) than those without (41% versus 5%, respectively; OR = 13.6, 95% CI 6.3–33.1, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and LUT uroliths predicted the presence of UUT uroliths in the multivariable regression (OR = 6.5, 95% CI 2.8–16.7, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Increasing age (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and lower body weight (<i>p</i> = 0.0016) were also predictors of UUT urolith presence in the multivariable regression. The high prevalence of UUT uroliths in dogs with LUT uroliths supports a shared mechanism for their formation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:16:16Z |
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| id | doaj.art-6de41c7c93284eb89a8f9799d886b64f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:16:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-6de41c7c93284eb89a8f9799d886b64f2023-11-23T19:23:21ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812022-06-019628310.3390/vetsci9060283Prevalence and Predictors of Radiographically Apparent Upper Urinary Tract Urolithiasis in Eight Dog Breeds Predisposed to Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis and Mixed Breed DogsAlexis M. Hoelmer0Jody P. Lulich1Aaron K. Rendahl2Eva Furrow3Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USADepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USADepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USAC339 Veterinary Medical Center, 1352 Boyd Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USAData on upper urinary tract (UUT) uroliths in dogs are important to understanding their etiology. The aim of this retrospective case-control study was to determine the prevalence and identify predictors of radiographically apparent UUT uroliths in dog breeds at increased risk for calcium oxalate uroliths (CaOx risk breeds) and mixed breed dogs. Radiologist reports of three-view abdominal radiographs were reviewed from 251 purebred dogs of 8 CaOx risk breeds and 68 mixed breed dogs. UUT uroliths were more common in CaOx risk breeds than mixed breed dogs (23% versus 6%, respectively; OR = 4.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7–18.9, <i>p</i> < 0.001). UUT uroliths were more common in dogs with lower urinary tract (LUT) uroliths (predominantly calcium-containing) than those without (41% versus 5%, respectively; OR = 13.6, 95% CI 6.3–33.1, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and LUT uroliths predicted the presence of UUT uroliths in the multivariable regression (OR = 6.5, 95% CI 2.8–16.7, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Increasing age (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and lower body weight (<i>p</i> = 0.0016) were also predictors of UUT urolith presence in the multivariable regression. The high prevalence of UUT uroliths in dogs with LUT uroliths supports a shared mechanism for their formation.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/9/6/283urinary stonesnephrolithsureterolithskidney stones |
| spellingShingle | Alexis M. Hoelmer Jody P. Lulich Aaron K. Rendahl Eva Furrow Prevalence and Predictors of Radiographically Apparent Upper Urinary Tract Urolithiasis in Eight Dog Breeds Predisposed to Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis and Mixed Breed Dogs Veterinary Sciences urinary stones nephroliths ureteroliths kidney stones |
| title | Prevalence and Predictors of Radiographically Apparent Upper Urinary Tract Urolithiasis in Eight Dog Breeds Predisposed to Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis and Mixed Breed Dogs |
| title_full | Prevalence and Predictors of Radiographically Apparent Upper Urinary Tract Urolithiasis in Eight Dog Breeds Predisposed to Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis and Mixed Breed Dogs |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and Predictors of Radiographically Apparent Upper Urinary Tract Urolithiasis in Eight Dog Breeds Predisposed to Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis and Mixed Breed Dogs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and Predictors of Radiographically Apparent Upper Urinary Tract Urolithiasis in Eight Dog Breeds Predisposed to Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis and Mixed Breed Dogs |
| title_short | Prevalence and Predictors of Radiographically Apparent Upper Urinary Tract Urolithiasis in Eight Dog Breeds Predisposed to Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis and Mixed Breed Dogs |
| title_sort | prevalence and predictors of radiographically apparent upper urinary tract urolithiasis in eight dog breeds predisposed to calcium oxalate urolithiasis and mixed breed dogs |
| topic | urinary stones nephroliths ureteroliths kidney stones |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/9/6/283 |
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