The impact of river sand mining on remobilization of lead and cadmium in sediments – A case study of the Jialing River
Due to the fast pace of urbanization worldwide, industrial sand mining activities have imposed great pressure on the environment, and consequently, these activities have led to serious environmental problems in aquatic ecosystems. However, the current understanding of the effect of sand mining on he...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651322009848 |
| _version_ | 1798046318979973120 |
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| author | Yu Wang Luyu Liang Xinyi Chen Yi Zhang Fubin Zhang Fei Xu Tuo Zhang |
| author_facet | Yu Wang Luyu Liang Xinyi Chen Yi Zhang Fubin Zhang Fei Xu Tuo Zhang |
| author_sort | Yu Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Due to the fast pace of urbanization worldwide, industrial sand mining activities have imposed great pressure on the environment, and consequently, these activities have led to serious environmental problems in aquatic ecosystems. However, the current understanding of the effect of sand mining on heavy metal remobilization in river sediments remains incomplete. The present study employed sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and the sequential extraction (SE) and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) techniques to comprehensively investigate the effect of sand mining on the remobilization process of heavy metals in the aquatic system of the Jialing River. The SQGs results indicated that stations (S1 to S4) with sand mining disturbance exhibited Pb and Cd accumulation in surface sediments. Both Ctotal-Pb (61.78–122.04 mg·kg−1) and Ctotal-Cd (0.85–3.96 mg·kg−1) were higher than CSQGI (60 mg·kg−1 for Pb and 0.5 mg·kg−1 for Cd) and TEC (35.8 mg·kg−1 for Pb and 0.99 mg·kg−1 for Cd) limitation in most of sand mining stations. Pb and Cd were mainly bounded in the acid-soluble/exchangeable fraction (F1) and oxidizable fraction (F3) of the surface sediments. At the four stations with sand mining disturbance, about 5–10 folds of DGT-labile Pb and Cd were released in deep sediments (−9 to −12 cm), and Pb and Cd exhibited a transport trend from the sediments into the overlying water, while the above phenomenon was not observed at the two stations without sand mining activities. Correlation analysis revealed that DGT-labile Pb and Cd were suitably correlated with the F1 and F3 fractions, indicating that the acid-soluble/exchangeable and oxidizable fractions were the main sources leading to Pb and Cd remobilization in the sediments. A potential mechanism explanation may be that (1) intense sediment stirring could result in remobilization of the weakly bound fraction, which is related to the contribution of the F1 fraction, and (2) Cd/Pb experienced a corelease process with sulfur due to O2 introduction (elevation of the dissolved oxygen level) attributed to sediment evacuation, which is related to the contribution of the F3 fraction. The above results suggested that sand mining in the Jialing River should be paid high attention to prevent heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystem. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T23:35:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6df9ac746bc6481789fb8c6e2b03d26a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0147-6513 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T23:35:45Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| spelling | doaj.art-6df9ac746bc6481789fb8c6e2b03d26a2022-12-22T03:56:57ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132022-11-01246114144The impact of river sand mining on remobilization of lead and cadmium in sediments – A case study of the Jialing RiverYu Wang0Luyu Liang1Xinyi Chen2Yi Zhang3Fubin Zhang4Fei Xu5Tuo Zhang6College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, China; Institute of the Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Corresponding author at: College of Environment Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, China.Due to the fast pace of urbanization worldwide, industrial sand mining activities have imposed great pressure on the environment, and consequently, these activities have led to serious environmental problems in aquatic ecosystems. However, the current understanding of the effect of sand mining on heavy metal remobilization in river sediments remains incomplete. The present study employed sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and the sequential extraction (SE) and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) techniques to comprehensively investigate the effect of sand mining on the remobilization process of heavy metals in the aquatic system of the Jialing River. The SQGs results indicated that stations (S1 to S4) with sand mining disturbance exhibited Pb and Cd accumulation in surface sediments. Both Ctotal-Pb (61.78–122.04 mg·kg−1) and Ctotal-Cd (0.85–3.96 mg·kg−1) were higher than CSQGI (60 mg·kg−1 for Pb and 0.5 mg·kg−1 for Cd) and TEC (35.8 mg·kg−1 for Pb and 0.99 mg·kg−1 for Cd) limitation in most of sand mining stations. Pb and Cd were mainly bounded in the acid-soluble/exchangeable fraction (F1) and oxidizable fraction (F3) of the surface sediments. At the four stations with sand mining disturbance, about 5–10 folds of DGT-labile Pb and Cd were released in deep sediments (−9 to −12 cm), and Pb and Cd exhibited a transport trend from the sediments into the overlying water, while the above phenomenon was not observed at the two stations without sand mining activities. Correlation analysis revealed that DGT-labile Pb and Cd were suitably correlated with the F1 and F3 fractions, indicating that the acid-soluble/exchangeable and oxidizable fractions were the main sources leading to Pb and Cd remobilization in the sediments. A potential mechanism explanation may be that (1) intense sediment stirring could result in remobilization of the weakly bound fraction, which is related to the contribution of the F1 fraction, and (2) Cd/Pb experienced a corelease process with sulfur due to O2 introduction (elevation of the dissolved oxygen level) attributed to sediment evacuation, which is related to the contribution of the F3 fraction. The above results suggested that sand mining in the Jialing River should be paid high attention to prevent heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystem.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651322009848Sand miningSedimentHeavy metalsDGTJialing River |
| spellingShingle | Yu Wang Luyu Liang Xinyi Chen Yi Zhang Fubin Zhang Fei Xu Tuo Zhang The impact of river sand mining on remobilization of lead and cadmium in sediments – A case study of the Jialing River Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Sand mining Sediment Heavy metals DGT Jialing River |
| title | The impact of river sand mining on remobilization of lead and cadmium in sediments – A case study of the Jialing River |
| title_full | The impact of river sand mining on remobilization of lead and cadmium in sediments – A case study of the Jialing River |
| title_fullStr | The impact of river sand mining on remobilization of lead and cadmium in sediments – A case study of the Jialing River |
| title_full_unstemmed | The impact of river sand mining on remobilization of lead and cadmium in sediments – A case study of the Jialing River |
| title_short | The impact of river sand mining on remobilization of lead and cadmium in sediments – A case study of the Jialing River |
| title_sort | impact of river sand mining on remobilization of lead and cadmium in sediments a case study of the jialing river |
| topic | Sand mining Sediment Heavy metals DGT Jialing River |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651322009848 |
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