Lemon Peel and Juice: Metabolomic Differentiation
Lemon is one of the most significant crops globally, with annual production exceeding 20.8 million tons in 2021. Spain leads the production in Europe with over 62% of lemon production (1.17 million tons in 2021). This study evaluated the real impact of cultivation conditions (rootstock and culture m...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/4/510 |
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| author | Pablo Melgarejo Dámaris Núñez-Gómez Francisca Hernández Rafael Martínez-Font Vicente Lidón Noguera Juan José Martínez-Nicolás Pilar Legua |
| author_facet | Pablo Melgarejo Dámaris Núñez-Gómez Francisca Hernández Rafael Martínez-Font Vicente Lidón Noguera Juan José Martínez-Nicolás Pilar Legua |
| author_sort | Pablo Melgarejo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lemon is one of the most significant crops globally, with annual production exceeding 20.8 million tons in 2021. Spain leads the production in Europe with over 62% of lemon production (1.17 million tons in 2021). This study evaluated the real impact of cultivation conditions (rootstock and culture medium) on the compositional characteristics of ‘Verna’ lemons (peel and juice) using <sup>1</sup>H-MNR metabolomic identification techniques and multivariate analyses. Twenty metabolites were identified in both the peel and juice samples. Arginine, phenylalanine, ethanol, and trigonelline were absent in the peel samples but present in all the juice. On the other hand, the metabolites asparagine, glutamate, formate, and malate were present in the peel samples but absent in the juice. The analysis of the results indicates that the rootstock had a significant impact on the metabolites related to the energy metabolism of the plant, which directly affects the development of fruits and the influence of the culture conditions (rootstock and culture medium) on the plant’s adaptive response and modification of metabolic pathways. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:58:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6e0d3d6d34af424ea2738fa8ad83b658 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:58:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj.art-6e0d3d6d34af424ea2738fa8ad83b6582023-11-17T19:29:48ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242023-04-019451010.3390/horticulturae9040510Lemon Peel and Juice: Metabolomic DifferentiationPablo Melgarejo0Dámaris Núñez-Gómez1Francisca Hernández2Rafael Martínez-Font3Vicente Lidón Noguera4Juan José Martínez-Nicolás5Pilar Legua6Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, SpainCentro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, SpainCentro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, SpainCentro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, SpainCentro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, SpainCentro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, SpainCentro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, SpainLemon is one of the most significant crops globally, with annual production exceeding 20.8 million tons in 2021. Spain leads the production in Europe with over 62% of lemon production (1.17 million tons in 2021). This study evaluated the real impact of cultivation conditions (rootstock and culture medium) on the compositional characteristics of ‘Verna’ lemons (peel and juice) using <sup>1</sup>H-MNR metabolomic identification techniques and multivariate analyses. Twenty metabolites were identified in both the peel and juice samples. Arginine, phenylalanine, ethanol, and trigonelline were absent in the peel samples but present in all the juice. On the other hand, the metabolites asparagine, glutamate, formate, and malate were present in the peel samples but absent in the juice. The analysis of the results indicates that the rootstock had a significant impact on the metabolites related to the energy metabolism of the plant, which directly affects the development of fruits and the influence of the culture conditions (rootstock and culture medium) on the plant’s adaptive response and modification of metabolic pathways.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/4/510<i>Citrus limon</i> (L.) Burm. Frootstockculture media‘Verna’ cultivar<sup>1</sup>H-MNRmultivariate analysis |
| spellingShingle | Pablo Melgarejo Dámaris Núñez-Gómez Francisca Hernández Rafael Martínez-Font Vicente Lidón Noguera Juan José Martínez-Nicolás Pilar Legua Lemon Peel and Juice: Metabolomic Differentiation Horticulturae <i>Citrus limon</i> (L.) Burm. F rootstock culture media ‘Verna’ cultivar <sup>1</sup>H-MNR multivariate analysis |
| title | Lemon Peel and Juice: Metabolomic Differentiation |
| title_full | Lemon Peel and Juice: Metabolomic Differentiation |
| title_fullStr | Lemon Peel and Juice: Metabolomic Differentiation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lemon Peel and Juice: Metabolomic Differentiation |
| title_short | Lemon Peel and Juice: Metabolomic Differentiation |
| title_sort | lemon peel and juice metabolomic differentiation |
| topic | <i>Citrus limon</i> (L.) Burm. F rootstock culture media ‘Verna’ cultivar <sup>1</sup>H-MNR multivariate analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/4/510 |
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