Surface-based observations of cold-air outbreak clouds during the COMBLE field campaign
<p>Cold-air outbreaks (CAOs) are characterized by extreme air–sea energy exchanges and low-level convective clouds over large areas in the high-latitude oceans. As such, CAOs are an important component of the Earth's climate system. The CAOs in the Marine Boundary Layer Experiment (COMBLE...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/3561/2023/acp-23-3561-2023.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797864355475226624 |
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| author | Z. Mages P. Kollias P. Kollias Z. Zhu E. P. Luke |
| author_facet | Z. Mages P. Kollias P. Kollias Z. Zhu E. P. Luke |
| author_sort | Z. Mages |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Cold-air outbreaks (CAOs) are characterized by extreme air–sea energy
exchanges and low-level convective clouds over large areas in the high-latitude oceans. As such, CAOs are an important component of the Earth's
climate system. The CAOs in the Marine Boundary Layer Experiment (COMBLE)
deployment of the US Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement
(ARM) Mobile Facility (AMF) provided the first comprehensive view of CAOs
using a suite of ground-based observations at the northern coast of Norway.
Here, cloud and precipitation observations from 13 CAO cases during COMBLE
are analyzed. A vertical air motion retrieval technique is applied to the
Ka-band ARM Zenith-pointing Radar (KAZR) observations. The CAO cumulus
clouds are characterized by strong updrafts with magnitudes between 2–8 m s<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>, vertical extents of 1–3 km, and horizontal scales of 0.25–3 km. A strong relationship between our vertical air velocity retrievals and
liquid water path (LWP) measurements is found. The LWP measurements exceed 1 kg m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span> in strong updraft areas, and the vertical extent of the updraft
correlates well with the LWP values. The CAO cumulus clouds exhibit eddy
dissipation rate values between 10<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span> and 10<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span> m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>2</sup></span> s<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span> in
the lowest 10 km of the atmosphere, and using a radar Doppler
spectra technique, evidence of secondary ice production is found during one
of the cases.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T22:50:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6e1caa6046ce4721a7ea2728a36f4214 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T22:50:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-6e1caa6046ce4721a7ea2728a36f42142023-03-22T11:39:10ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242023-03-01233561357410.5194/acp-23-3561-2023Surface-based observations of cold-air outbreak clouds during the COMBLE field campaignZ. Mages0P. Kollias1P. Kollias2Z. Zhu3E. P. Luke4School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USASchool of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USAEnvironmental and Climate Sciences Dept., Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USAEnvironmental and Climate Sciences Dept., Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USAEnvironmental and Climate Sciences Dept., Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA<p>Cold-air outbreaks (CAOs) are characterized by extreme air–sea energy exchanges and low-level convective clouds over large areas in the high-latitude oceans. As such, CAOs are an important component of the Earth's climate system. The CAOs in the Marine Boundary Layer Experiment (COMBLE) deployment of the US Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Mobile Facility (AMF) provided the first comprehensive view of CAOs using a suite of ground-based observations at the northern coast of Norway. Here, cloud and precipitation observations from 13 CAO cases during COMBLE are analyzed. A vertical air motion retrieval technique is applied to the Ka-band ARM Zenith-pointing Radar (KAZR) observations. The CAO cumulus clouds are characterized by strong updrafts with magnitudes between 2–8 m s<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>, vertical extents of 1–3 km, and horizontal scales of 0.25–3 km. A strong relationship between our vertical air velocity retrievals and liquid water path (LWP) measurements is found. The LWP measurements exceed 1 kg m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span> in strong updraft areas, and the vertical extent of the updraft correlates well with the LWP values. The CAO cumulus clouds exhibit eddy dissipation rate values between 10<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span> and 10<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span> m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>2</sup></span> s<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span> in the lowest 10 km of the atmosphere, and using a radar Doppler spectra technique, evidence of secondary ice production is found during one of the cases.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/3561/2023/acp-23-3561-2023.pdf |
| spellingShingle | Z. Mages P. Kollias P. Kollias Z. Zhu E. P. Luke Surface-based observations of cold-air outbreak clouds during the COMBLE field campaign Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Surface-based observations of cold-air outbreak clouds during the COMBLE field campaign |
| title_full | Surface-based observations of cold-air outbreak clouds during the COMBLE field campaign |
| title_fullStr | Surface-based observations of cold-air outbreak clouds during the COMBLE field campaign |
| title_full_unstemmed | Surface-based observations of cold-air outbreak clouds during the COMBLE field campaign |
| title_short | Surface-based observations of cold-air outbreak clouds during the COMBLE field campaign |
| title_sort | surface based observations of cold air outbreak clouds during the comble field campaign |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/3561/2023/acp-23-3561-2023.pdf |
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