Evaluation of Entomopathogenic Nematodes against Red Palm Weevil, <i>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</i> (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Entomopathogenic nematodes play a pivotal role as biocontrol agents for different species of insect pests, including the red palm weevil. In the current investigation, the infective capabilities of four species of entomopathogenic nematodes, including <i>Hetrerorhabditis bacteriophora</i>...
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/8/733 |
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| author | Gul Rehman Muhammad Mamoon-ur-Rashid |
| author_facet | Gul Rehman Muhammad Mamoon-ur-Rashid |
| author_sort | Gul Rehman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Entomopathogenic nematodes play a pivotal role as biocontrol agents for different species of insect pests, including the red palm weevil. In the current investigation, the infective capabilities of four species of entomopathogenic nematodes, including <i>Hetrerorhabditis bacteriophora</i>, <i>Steinernema feltiae</i>, <i>Steinernema glaseri</i>, and <i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i>, were evaluated against larvae, pupae, and adult red palm weevil under laboratory and field conditions. The pathogenic potential of selected nematode species was assessed based on dissection and adult emergence of weevils. Our results indicated that <i>S. carpocapsae</i> and <i>H. bacteriophora</i>, with a respective 94.68 and 92.68% infection rate, were the most effective EPN species against red palm weevil larvae. Focusing on adult emergence, the aforementioned EPNs were comparatively less pathogenic and resulted in 63.60 and 60.20% infested pupae, respectively. It is noted that adult emergence is the better option to evaluate the pathogenic potential of EPNs, compared with the dissection of insects. The <i>S. carpocapsae</i> was found to be most effective against the 6th instar larvae of the red palm weevil and caused 100% mortality at 240 h after treatment. On the other hand, <i>S. glaseri</i> and <i>S. feltiae</i> were found to be the least pathogenic and caused 70 and 76% mortality, respectively. All of the evaluated nematode species were found to be highly infective under field conditions. The <i>S. carpocapsae</i> was found to be the most pathogenic, causing 83.60% mortality of the red palm weevil. However, the tested nematodes were found most effective against larvae, followed by adult weevils, but their effect was minimal against the pupae of red palm weevils. Based on these findings, we conclude that the <i>S. carpocapsae</i> and <i>H. bacteriophora</i> could be used as a sustainable option for the efficient management of the red palm weevil. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:13:22Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:13:22Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-6e2071fc15c24d4aac7c1e6cf111bcc02023-11-30T21:39:24ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502022-08-0113873310.3390/insects13080733Evaluation of Entomopathogenic Nematodes against Red Palm Weevil, <i>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</i> (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)Gul Rehman0Muhammad Mamoon-ur-Rashid1Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29220, PakistanDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29220, PakistanEntomopathogenic nematodes play a pivotal role as biocontrol agents for different species of insect pests, including the red palm weevil. In the current investigation, the infective capabilities of four species of entomopathogenic nematodes, including <i>Hetrerorhabditis bacteriophora</i>, <i>Steinernema feltiae</i>, <i>Steinernema glaseri</i>, and <i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i>, were evaluated against larvae, pupae, and adult red palm weevil under laboratory and field conditions. The pathogenic potential of selected nematode species was assessed based on dissection and adult emergence of weevils. Our results indicated that <i>S. carpocapsae</i> and <i>H. bacteriophora</i>, with a respective 94.68 and 92.68% infection rate, were the most effective EPN species against red palm weevil larvae. Focusing on adult emergence, the aforementioned EPNs were comparatively less pathogenic and resulted in 63.60 and 60.20% infested pupae, respectively. It is noted that adult emergence is the better option to evaluate the pathogenic potential of EPNs, compared with the dissection of insects. The <i>S. carpocapsae</i> was found to be most effective against the 6th instar larvae of the red palm weevil and caused 100% mortality at 240 h after treatment. On the other hand, <i>S. glaseri</i> and <i>S. feltiae</i> were found to be the least pathogenic and caused 70 and 76% mortality, respectively. All of the evaluated nematode species were found to be highly infective under field conditions. The <i>S. carpocapsae</i> was found to be the most pathogenic, causing 83.60% mortality of the red palm weevil. However, the tested nematodes were found most effective against larvae, followed by adult weevils, but their effect was minimal against the pupae of red palm weevils. Based on these findings, we conclude that the <i>S. carpocapsae</i> and <i>H. bacteriophora</i> could be used as a sustainable option for the efficient management of the red palm weevil.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/8/733date palm weevilbiological controlentomopathogenic nematodesmortality |
| spellingShingle | Gul Rehman Muhammad Mamoon-ur-Rashid Evaluation of Entomopathogenic Nematodes against Red Palm Weevil, <i>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</i> (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Insects date palm weevil biological control entomopathogenic nematodes mortality |
| title | Evaluation of Entomopathogenic Nematodes against Red Palm Weevil, <i>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</i> (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) |
| title_full | Evaluation of Entomopathogenic Nematodes against Red Palm Weevil, <i>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</i> (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Entomopathogenic Nematodes against Red Palm Weevil, <i>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</i> (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Entomopathogenic Nematodes against Red Palm Weevil, <i>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</i> (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) |
| title_short | Evaluation of Entomopathogenic Nematodes against Red Palm Weevil, <i>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</i> (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) |
| title_sort | evaluation of entomopathogenic nematodes against red palm weevil i rhynchophorus ferrugineus i olivier coleoptera curculionidae |
| topic | date palm weevil biological control entomopathogenic nematodes mortality |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/8/733 |
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