Strain-Specific Benefits of <i>Bacillus</i> on Growth, Intestinal Health, Immune Modulation, and Ammonia-Nitrogen Stress Resilience in Hybrid Grouper
In the dynamic field of intensive aquaculture, the strategic application of probiotics has become increasingly crucial, particularly for enhancing resistance to environmental stressors such as ammonia-nitrogen. Over a 42-day period, this study investigated the effects of different probiotic strains—...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/3/317 |
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| author | Congjie Han Huizhong Shi Congcong Cui Jiawen Wang Ling Li Weilie Bei Yan Cai Shifeng Wang |
| author_facet | Congjie Han Huizhong Shi Congcong Cui Jiawen Wang Ling Li Weilie Bei Yan Cai Shifeng Wang |
| author_sort | Congjie Han |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the dynamic field of intensive aquaculture, the strategic application of probiotics has become increasingly crucial, particularly for enhancing resistance to environmental stressors such as ammonia-nitrogen. Over a 42-day period, this study investigated the effects of different probiotic strains—<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (BS, 6-3-1, and HAINUP40)—on the health and resilience of hybrid groupers. Each strain, distinct in its origin, was assessed for its influence on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune gene expressions, and ammonia-nitrogen stress response in the hybrid grouper. The experimental design included a control group and three experimental groups, each supplemented with 1 × 10<sup>8</sup> CFU/g of the respective probiotic strains, respectively. Our results demonstrated notable differences in growth parameters, including final body weight (FBW) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The 6-3-1 strain, originating from grouper, exhibited significant improvements in growth, oxidative capacity, and intestinal health. Conversely, the BS strain achieved the highest survival rates under ammonia-nitrogen stress, indicating its superior ability to regulate inflammatory responses despite its less pronounced growth-promoting effects. The HAINUP40 strain was distinguished for its growth enhancement and improvements in intestinal health, though it also showed significant activation of inflammatory genes and decreased resistance to ammonia-nitrogen stress after extended feeding. The uniqueness of this study lies in its detailed examination of the strain-specific effects of probiotics on fish in the context of ammonia-nitrogen stress, a significant challenge in contemporary aquaculture. The research revealed that host-derived probiotics, particularly the 6-3-1 strain, provided more comprehensive benefits for growth performance and stress resilience. In contrast, the BS and HAINUP40 strains exhibited varying efficiencies, with BS excelling in stress resistance and HAINUP40 promoting growth and gut health. In conclusion, this study underscores the complex roles of different probiotic strains in aquaculture, contributing to the understanding of probiotic applications and presenting new approaches to address the challenges of intensive farming. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:36:44Z |
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| id | doaj.art-6e231a8ba81548fe9c00224507f8b0aa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:36:44Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-6e231a8ba81548fe9c00224507f8b0aa2024-03-27T13:18:33ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212024-03-0113331710.3390/antiox13030317Strain-Specific Benefits of <i>Bacillus</i> on Growth, Intestinal Health, Immune Modulation, and Ammonia-Nitrogen Stress Resilience in Hybrid GrouperCongjie Han0Huizhong Shi1Congcong Cui2Jiawen Wang3Ling Li4Weilie Bei5Yan Cai6Shifeng Wang7Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, ChinaIn the dynamic field of intensive aquaculture, the strategic application of probiotics has become increasingly crucial, particularly for enhancing resistance to environmental stressors such as ammonia-nitrogen. Over a 42-day period, this study investigated the effects of different probiotic strains—<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (BS, 6-3-1, and HAINUP40)—on the health and resilience of hybrid groupers. Each strain, distinct in its origin, was assessed for its influence on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune gene expressions, and ammonia-nitrogen stress response in the hybrid grouper. The experimental design included a control group and three experimental groups, each supplemented with 1 × 10<sup>8</sup> CFU/g of the respective probiotic strains, respectively. Our results demonstrated notable differences in growth parameters, including final body weight (FBW) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The 6-3-1 strain, originating from grouper, exhibited significant improvements in growth, oxidative capacity, and intestinal health. Conversely, the BS strain achieved the highest survival rates under ammonia-nitrogen stress, indicating its superior ability to regulate inflammatory responses despite its less pronounced growth-promoting effects. The HAINUP40 strain was distinguished for its growth enhancement and improvements in intestinal health, though it also showed significant activation of inflammatory genes and decreased resistance to ammonia-nitrogen stress after extended feeding. The uniqueness of this study lies in its detailed examination of the strain-specific effects of probiotics on fish in the context of ammonia-nitrogen stress, a significant challenge in contemporary aquaculture. The research revealed that host-derived probiotics, particularly the 6-3-1 strain, provided more comprehensive benefits for growth performance and stress resilience. In contrast, the BS and HAINUP40 strains exhibited varying efficiencies, with BS excelling in stress resistance and HAINUP40 promoting growth and gut health. In conclusion, this study underscores the complex roles of different probiotic strains in aquaculture, contributing to the understanding of probiotic applications and presenting new approaches to address the challenges of intensive farming.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/3/317<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>hybrid groupergrowthimmunityintestinal healthammonia-nitrogen stress |
| spellingShingle | Congjie Han Huizhong Shi Congcong Cui Jiawen Wang Ling Li Weilie Bei Yan Cai Shifeng Wang Strain-Specific Benefits of <i>Bacillus</i> on Growth, Intestinal Health, Immune Modulation, and Ammonia-Nitrogen Stress Resilience in Hybrid Grouper Antioxidants <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> hybrid grouper growth immunity intestinal health ammonia-nitrogen stress |
| title | Strain-Specific Benefits of <i>Bacillus</i> on Growth, Intestinal Health, Immune Modulation, and Ammonia-Nitrogen Stress Resilience in Hybrid Grouper |
| title_full | Strain-Specific Benefits of <i>Bacillus</i> on Growth, Intestinal Health, Immune Modulation, and Ammonia-Nitrogen Stress Resilience in Hybrid Grouper |
| title_fullStr | Strain-Specific Benefits of <i>Bacillus</i> on Growth, Intestinal Health, Immune Modulation, and Ammonia-Nitrogen Stress Resilience in Hybrid Grouper |
| title_full_unstemmed | Strain-Specific Benefits of <i>Bacillus</i> on Growth, Intestinal Health, Immune Modulation, and Ammonia-Nitrogen Stress Resilience in Hybrid Grouper |
| title_short | Strain-Specific Benefits of <i>Bacillus</i> on Growth, Intestinal Health, Immune Modulation, and Ammonia-Nitrogen Stress Resilience in Hybrid Grouper |
| title_sort | strain specific benefits of i bacillus i on growth intestinal health immune modulation and ammonia nitrogen stress resilience in hybrid grouper |
| topic | <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> hybrid grouper growth immunity intestinal health ammonia-nitrogen stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/3/317 |
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