Comparative physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal ascorbate and glutathione coregulation of cadmium toxicity resistance in wheat genotypes
Abstract Background Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal with high toxicity that severely inhibits wheat growth and development. Cd easily accumulates in wheat kernels and enters the human food chain. Genetic variation in the resistance to Cd toxicity found in wheat genotypes emphasizes the complex respons...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2021-10-01
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| Series: | BMC Plant Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-03225-w |
| _version_ | 1818930264176328704 |
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| author | Tao Zhang Jingui Xiao Yongsheng Zhao Yifan Zhang Yaqi Jie Dandan Shen Caipeng Yue Jinyong Huang Yingpeng Hua Ting Zhou |
| author_facet | Tao Zhang Jingui Xiao Yongsheng Zhao Yifan Zhang Yaqi Jie Dandan Shen Caipeng Yue Jinyong Huang Yingpeng Hua Ting Zhou |
| author_sort | Tao Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal with high toxicity that severely inhibits wheat growth and development. Cd easily accumulates in wheat kernels and enters the human food chain. Genetic variation in the resistance to Cd toxicity found in wheat genotypes emphasizes the complex response architecture. Understanding the Cd resistance mechanisms is crucial for combating Cd phytotoxicity and meeting the increasing daily food demand. Results Using two wheat genotypes (Cd resistant and sensitive genotypes T207 and S276, respectively) with differing root growth responses to Cd, we conducted comparative physiological and transcriptomic analyses and exogenous application tests to evaluate Cd detoxification mechanisms. S276 accumulated more H2O2, O2 −, and MDA than T207 under Cd toxicity. Catalase activity and levels of ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) were greater, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities were lower in T207 than in S276. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the expression of RBOHA, RBOHC, and RBOHE was significantly increased under Cd toxicity, and two-thirds (22 genes) of the differentially expressed RBOH genes had higher expression levels in S276 than inT207. Cd toxicity reshaped the transcriptional profiling of the genes involving the AsA-GSH cycle, and a larger proportion (74.25%) of the corresponding differentially expressed genes showed higher expression in T207 than S276. The combined exogenous application of AsA and GSH alleviated Cd toxicity by scavenging excess ROS and coordinately promoting root length and branching, especially in S276. Conclusions The results indicated that the ROS homeostasis plays a key role in differential Cd resistance in wheat genotypes, and the AsA-GSH cycle fundamentally and vigorously influences wheat defense against Cd toxicity, providing insight into the physiological and transcriptional mechanisms underlying Cd detoxification. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T03:57:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6e2e73257f9d4d6080bb9d23bc7ea0f7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2229 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T03:57:56Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Plant Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-6e2e73257f9d4d6080bb9d23bc7ea0f72022-12-21T19:54:15ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292021-10-0121111510.1186/s12870-021-03225-wComparative physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal ascorbate and glutathione coregulation of cadmium toxicity resistance in wheat genotypesTao Zhang0Jingui Xiao1Yongsheng Zhao2Yifan Zhang3Yaqi Jie4Dandan Shen5Caipeng Yue6Jinyong Huang7Yingpeng Hua8Ting Zhou9School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversitySchool of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversitySchool of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversitySchool of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversitySchool of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversitySchool of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversitySchool of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversitySchool of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversitySchool of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversitySchool of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversityAbstract Background Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal with high toxicity that severely inhibits wheat growth and development. Cd easily accumulates in wheat kernels and enters the human food chain. Genetic variation in the resistance to Cd toxicity found in wheat genotypes emphasizes the complex response architecture. Understanding the Cd resistance mechanisms is crucial for combating Cd phytotoxicity and meeting the increasing daily food demand. Results Using two wheat genotypes (Cd resistant and sensitive genotypes T207 and S276, respectively) with differing root growth responses to Cd, we conducted comparative physiological and transcriptomic analyses and exogenous application tests to evaluate Cd detoxification mechanisms. S276 accumulated more H2O2, O2 −, and MDA than T207 under Cd toxicity. Catalase activity and levels of ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) were greater, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities were lower in T207 than in S276. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the expression of RBOHA, RBOHC, and RBOHE was significantly increased under Cd toxicity, and two-thirds (22 genes) of the differentially expressed RBOH genes had higher expression levels in S276 than inT207. Cd toxicity reshaped the transcriptional profiling of the genes involving the AsA-GSH cycle, and a larger proportion (74.25%) of the corresponding differentially expressed genes showed higher expression in T207 than S276. The combined exogenous application of AsA and GSH alleviated Cd toxicity by scavenging excess ROS and coordinately promoting root length and branching, especially in S276. Conclusions The results indicated that the ROS homeostasis plays a key role in differential Cd resistance in wheat genotypes, and the AsA-GSH cycle fundamentally and vigorously influences wheat defense against Cd toxicity, providing insight into the physiological and transcriptional mechanisms underlying Cd detoxification.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-03225-wWheatCd resistanceGenotypic diversityROSAsA-GSH cycle |
| spellingShingle | Tao Zhang Jingui Xiao Yongsheng Zhao Yifan Zhang Yaqi Jie Dandan Shen Caipeng Yue Jinyong Huang Yingpeng Hua Ting Zhou Comparative physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal ascorbate and glutathione coregulation of cadmium toxicity resistance in wheat genotypes BMC Plant Biology Wheat Cd resistance Genotypic diversity ROS AsA-GSH cycle |
| title | Comparative physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal ascorbate and glutathione coregulation of cadmium toxicity resistance in wheat genotypes |
| title_full | Comparative physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal ascorbate and glutathione coregulation of cadmium toxicity resistance in wheat genotypes |
| title_fullStr | Comparative physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal ascorbate and glutathione coregulation of cadmium toxicity resistance in wheat genotypes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal ascorbate and glutathione coregulation of cadmium toxicity resistance in wheat genotypes |
| title_short | Comparative physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal ascorbate and glutathione coregulation of cadmium toxicity resistance in wheat genotypes |
| title_sort | comparative physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal ascorbate and glutathione coregulation of cadmium toxicity resistance in wheat genotypes |
| topic | Wheat Cd resistance Genotypic diversity ROS AsA-GSH cycle |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-03225-w |
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