The Development of Dual Vaccines against Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) and Bovine Ephemeral Fever (BEF)
Dual vaccines (<i>n</i> = 6) against both lumpy skin disease (LSD) and bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) were constructed, based on the BEFV glycoprotein (G) gene, with or without the BEFV matrix (M) protein gene, inserted into one of two different LSDV backbones, nLSDV∆SOD-UCT or nLSDVSODis-...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/11/1215 |
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| author | Nicola Douglass Ruzaiq Omar Henry Munyanduki Akiko Suzuki Warren de Moor Paidamwoyo Mutowembwa Alri Pretorius Tshifhiwa Nefefe Antoinette van Schalkwyk Pravesh Kara Livio Heath Anna-Lise Williamson |
| author_facet | Nicola Douglass Ruzaiq Omar Henry Munyanduki Akiko Suzuki Warren de Moor Paidamwoyo Mutowembwa Alri Pretorius Tshifhiwa Nefefe Antoinette van Schalkwyk Pravesh Kara Livio Heath Anna-Lise Williamson |
| author_sort | Nicola Douglass |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dual vaccines (<i>n</i> = 6) against both lumpy skin disease (LSD) and bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) were constructed, based on the BEFV glycoprotein (G) gene, with or without the BEFV matrix (M) protein gene, inserted into one of two different LSDV backbones, nLSDV∆SOD-UCT or nLSDVSODis-UCT. The inserted gene cassettes were confirmed by PCR; and BEFV protein was shown to be expressed by immunofluorescence. The candidate dual vaccines were initially tested in a rabbit model; neutralization assays using the South African BEFV vaccine (B-Phemeral) strain showed an African consensus G protein gene (Gb) to give superior neutralization compared to the Australian (Ga) gene. The two LSDV backbones expressing both Gb and M BEFV genes were tested in cattle and shown to elicit neutralizing responses to LSDV as well as BEFV after two inoculations 4 weeks apart. The vaccines were safe in cattle and all vaccinated animals were protected against virulent LSDV challenge, unlike a group of control naïve animals, which developed clinical LSD. Both neutralizing and T cell responses to LSDV were stimulated upon challenge. After two inoculations, all vaccinated animals produced BEFV neutralizing antibodies ≥ 1/20, which is considered protective for BEF. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:00:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6e30ae7e835143a696fdaaa4a2efe553 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:00:13Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-6e30ae7e835143a696fdaaa4a2efe5532023-11-23T01:51:06ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2021-10-01911121510.3390/vaccines9111215The Development of Dual Vaccines against Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) and Bovine Ephemeral Fever (BEF)Nicola Douglass0Ruzaiq Omar1Henry Munyanduki2Akiko Suzuki3Warren de Moor4Paidamwoyo Mutowembwa5Alri Pretorius6Tshifhiwa Nefefe7Antoinette van Schalkwyk8Pravesh Kara9Livio Heath10Anna-Lise Williamson11Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South AfricaDivision of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South AfricaDivision of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South AfricaDivision of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South AfricaDivision of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South AfricaOnderstepoort Veterinary Institute, ARC, Pretoria 0110, South AfricaOnderstepoort Veterinary Institute, ARC, Pretoria 0110, South AfricaOnderstepoort Veterinary Institute, ARC, Pretoria 0110, South AfricaOnderstepoort Veterinary Institute, ARC, Pretoria 0110, South AfricaOnderstepoort Veterinary Institute, ARC, Pretoria 0110, South AfricaOnderstepoort Veterinary Institute, ARC, Pretoria 0110, South AfricaDivision of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South AfricaDual vaccines (<i>n</i> = 6) against both lumpy skin disease (LSD) and bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) were constructed, based on the BEFV glycoprotein (G) gene, with or without the BEFV matrix (M) protein gene, inserted into one of two different LSDV backbones, nLSDV∆SOD-UCT or nLSDVSODis-UCT. The inserted gene cassettes were confirmed by PCR; and BEFV protein was shown to be expressed by immunofluorescence. The candidate dual vaccines were initially tested in a rabbit model; neutralization assays using the South African BEFV vaccine (B-Phemeral) strain showed an African consensus G protein gene (Gb) to give superior neutralization compared to the Australian (Ga) gene. The two LSDV backbones expressing both Gb and M BEFV genes were tested in cattle and shown to elicit neutralizing responses to LSDV as well as BEFV after two inoculations 4 weeks apart. The vaccines were safe in cattle and all vaccinated animals were protected against virulent LSDV challenge, unlike a group of control naïve animals, which developed clinical LSD. Both neutralizing and T cell responses to LSDV were stimulated upon challenge. After two inoculations, all vaccinated animals produced BEFV neutralizing antibodies ≥ 1/20, which is considered protective for BEF.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/11/1215lumpy skin disease virusbovine ephemeral fever virusdual vaccineneutralizationLSDV challenge |
| spellingShingle | Nicola Douglass Ruzaiq Omar Henry Munyanduki Akiko Suzuki Warren de Moor Paidamwoyo Mutowembwa Alri Pretorius Tshifhiwa Nefefe Antoinette van Schalkwyk Pravesh Kara Livio Heath Anna-Lise Williamson The Development of Dual Vaccines against Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) and Bovine Ephemeral Fever (BEF) Vaccines lumpy skin disease virus bovine ephemeral fever virus dual vaccine neutralization LSDV challenge |
| title | The Development of Dual Vaccines against Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) and Bovine Ephemeral Fever (BEF) |
| title_full | The Development of Dual Vaccines against Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) and Bovine Ephemeral Fever (BEF) |
| title_fullStr | The Development of Dual Vaccines against Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) and Bovine Ephemeral Fever (BEF) |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Development of Dual Vaccines against Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) and Bovine Ephemeral Fever (BEF) |
| title_short | The Development of Dual Vaccines against Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) and Bovine Ephemeral Fever (BEF) |
| title_sort | development of dual vaccines against lumpy skin disease lsd and bovine ephemeral fever bef |
| topic | lumpy skin disease virus bovine ephemeral fever virus dual vaccine neutralization LSDV challenge |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/11/1215 |
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