Soy Protein Concentrate Diets Inversely Affect LPS-Binding Protein Expression in Colon and Liver, Reduce Liver Inflammation, and Increase Fecal LPS Excretion in Obese Zucker Rats
Dietary soy protein and soy isoflavones have anti-inflammatory properties. Previously, we reported that feeding soy protein concentrate diet (SPC) with low or high isoflavone (LIF or HIF) to young (seven-week-old) obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation and decrease...
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/7/982 |
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| author | Wei Li Reza Hakkak |
| author_facet | Wei Li Reza Hakkak |
| author_sort | Wei Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dietary soy protein and soy isoflavones have anti-inflammatory properties. Previously, we reported that feeding soy protein concentrate diet (SPC) with low or high isoflavone (LIF or HIF) to young (seven-week-old) obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation and decreases liver inflammation compared to a casein control (CAS) diet. The current study investigated whether SPC-LIF and SPC-HIF diets would reduce liver inflammation in adult obese Zucker rats fed a CAS diet. A total of 21 six-week-old male obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats were given CAS diet for 8 weeks to develop obesity then randomly assigned to CAS, SPC-LIF, or SPC-HIF (seven rats/group) diet for an additional 10 weeks. The expression of LPS-translocation, inflammation, and intestinal permeability markers were quantified by qPCR in liver, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and colon. LPS concentration was determined in both the colon content and fecal samples by a Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test. SPC-LIF and SPC-HIF diets significantly decreased liver LPS-binding protein (LBP) expression compared to CAS diet (<i>p</i> < 0.01 and <i>p</i> < 0.05, respectively). SPC-HIF diet also significantly decreased liver MCP-1 and TNF-α expression (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and had a trend to decrease liver iNOS expression (<i>p</i> = 0.06). In the colon, SPC-HIF diet significantly increased LBP expression compared to CAS diet (<i>p</i> < 0.05). When samples from all three groups were combined, there was a negative correlation between colon LBP expression and liver LBP expression (<i>p</i> = 0.046). SPC diets did not alter the expression of intestinal permeability markers (i.e., occludin, claudin 3, and zonula occludens-1) in the colon or inflammation markers (i.e., TNF-α and iNOS) in VAT or the colon. LPS levels in the colon content did not differ between any groups. Fecal LPS levels were significantly higher in the SPC-LIF and SPC-HIF groups compared to the CAS group (<i>p</i> < 0.01). In conclusion, SPC, particularly SPC with HIF, reduces liver LBP expression and inflammation makers (i.e., TNF-α and MCP-1 expression) in adult obese Zucker rats, likely by reducing LPS translocation. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-6e3a64ff7e0a4a118885ff687e65f5c72024-04-12T13:24:17ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432024-03-0116798210.3390/nu16070982Soy Protein Concentrate Diets Inversely Affect LPS-Binding Protein Expression in Colon and Liver, Reduce Liver Inflammation, and Increase Fecal LPS Excretion in Obese Zucker RatsWei Li0Reza Hakkak1Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USADepartment of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USADietary soy protein and soy isoflavones have anti-inflammatory properties. Previously, we reported that feeding soy protein concentrate diet (SPC) with low or high isoflavone (LIF or HIF) to young (seven-week-old) obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation and decreases liver inflammation compared to a casein control (CAS) diet. The current study investigated whether SPC-LIF and SPC-HIF diets would reduce liver inflammation in adult obese Zucker rats fed a CAS diet. A total of 21 six-week-old male obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats were given CAS diet for 8 weeks to develop obesity then randomly assigned to CAS, SPC-LIF, or SPC-HIF (seven rats/group) diet for an additional 10 weeks. The expression of LPS-translocation, inflammation, and intestinal permeability markers were quantified by qPCR in liver, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and colon. LPS concentration was determined in both the colon content and fecal samples by a Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test. SPC-LIF and SPC-HIF diets significantly decreased liver LPS-binding protein (LBP) expression compared to CAS diet (<i>p</i> < 0.01 and <i>p</i> < 0.05, respectively). SPC-HIF diet also significantly decreased liver MCP-1 and TNF-α expression (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and had a trend to decrease liver iNOS expression (<i>p</i> = 0.06). In the colon, SPC-HIF diet significantly increased LBP expression compared to CAS diet (<i>p</i> < 0.05). When samples from all three groups were combined, there was a negative correlation between colon LBP expression and liver LBP expression (<i>p</i> = 0.046). SPC diets did not alter the expression of intestinal permeability markers (i.e., occludin, claudin 3, and zonula occludens-1) in the colon or inflammation markers (i.e., TNF-α and iNOS) in VAT or the colon. LPS levels in the colon content did not differ between any groups. Fecal LPS levels were significantly higher in the SPC-LIF and SPC-HIF groups compared to the CAS group (<i>p</i> < 0.01). In conclusion, SPC, particularly SPC with HIF, reduces liver LBP expression and inflammation makers (i.e., TNF-α and MCP-1 expression) in adult obese Zucker rats, likely by reducing LPS translocation.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/7/982soy protein concentrateisoflavoneliver inflammationlipopolysaccharidelipopolysaccharide-binding proteinobese Zucker rats |
| spellingShingle | Wei Li Reza Hakkak Soy Protein Concentrate Diets Inversely Affect LPS-Binding Protein Expression in Colon and Liver, Reduce Liver Inflammation, and Increase Fecal LPS Excretion in Obese Zucker Rats Nutrients soy protein concentrate isoflavone liver inflammation lipopolysaccharide lipopolysaccharide-binding protein obese Zucker rats |
| title | Soy Protein Concentrate Diets Inversely Affect LPS-Binding Protein Expression in Colon and Liver, Reduce Liver Inflammation, and Increase Fecal LPS Excretion in Obese Zucker Rats |
| title_full | Soy Protein Concentrate Diets Inversely Affect LPS-Binding Protein Expression in Colon and Liver, Reduce Liver Inflammation, and Increase Fecal LPS Excretion in Obese Zucker Rats |
| title_fullStr | Soy Protein Concentrate Diets Inversely Affect LPS-Binding Protein Expression in Colon and Liver, Reduce Liver Inflammation, and Increase Fecal LPS Excretion in Obese Zucker Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Soy Protein Concentrate Diets Inversely Affect LPS-Binding Protein Expression in Colon and Liver, Reduce Liver Inflammation, and Increase Fecal LPS Excretion in Obese Zucker Rats |
| title_short | Soy Protein Concentrate Diets Inversely Affect LPS-Binding Protein Expression in Colon and Liver, Reduce Liver Inflammation, and Increase Fecal LPS Excretion in Obese Zucker Rats |
| title_sort | soy protein concentrate diets inversely affect lps binding protein expression in colon and liver reduce liver inflammation and increase fecal lps excretion in obese zucker rats |
| topic | soy protein concentrate isoflavone liver inflammation lipopolysaccharide lipopolysaccharide-binding protein obese Zucker rats |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/7/982 |
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