Time trends in emotional well-being and self-esteem in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic
Abstract Objective Given their unique COVID-19 pandemic experience, it is necessary to evaluate the mental health of youth beyond the initial stages of the pandemic, in relation to the stringency of the social distancing measures. We aimed to describe long-term trends in emotional well-being and sel...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-022-00525-3 |
| _version_ | 1828096961556774912 |
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| author | Ryunosuke Goto Aurelie Piedvache Mayumi Hangai Yui Yamaoka Mariko Sampei Naomi Sawada Yusuke Okubo Kyoko Tanaka Naho Morisaki Mariko Hosozawa |
| author_facet | Ryunosuke Goto Aurelie Piedvache Mayumi Hangai Yui Yamaoka Mariko Sampei Naomi Sawada Yusuke Okubo Kyoko Tanaka Naho Morisaki Mariko Hosozawa |
| author_sort | Ryunosuke Goto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Objective Given their unique COVID-19 pandemic experience, it is necessary to evaluate the mental health of youth beyond the initial stages of the pandemic, in relation to the stringency of the social distancing measures. We aimed to describe long-term trends in emotional well-being and self-esteem among youth in Japan during the pandemic. Method Using serial cross-sectional data from April 2020 to December 2021, we evaluated the trends in emotional well-being and self-esteem of youth aged 6–17 years using the self-report KINDL questionnaire, weighted to represent the age and gender distributions in the Japanese population. We then tested the associations between emotional well-being and self-esteem and stringency of social distancing policies, measured using the Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index. Analyses were also stratified by gender and age group. Results The emotional well-being and self-esteem of youth improved transiently in 2020, followed by a slight worsening trend into 2021. While emotional well-being stayed lower compared to initial levels nearly 2 years into the pandemic, self-esteem began to improve by late 2021. 12–17 year-olds had lower emotional well-being and self-esteem compared to 6–11 year-olds throughout the study period. Females had lower emotional well-being than males in May 2020 and lower self-esteem than males in May and September/October 2020. More stringent social distancing measures were associated with lower emotional well-being and self-esteem, especially 6–11 year-olds’ self-esteem and females’ emotional well-being. Conclusion During the COVID-19 pandemic, older youth tended to have lower emotional well-being and self-esteem than younger youth. Younger and female youth were especially vulnerable to stringent social distancing measures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T07:39:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6e3f0c08b0b849be98079cfb2b483e63 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1753-2000 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T07:39:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-6e3f0c08b0b849be98079cfb2b483e632022-12-22T04:36:38ZengBMCChild and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health1753-20002022-11-0116111010.1186/s13034-022-00525-3Time trends in emotional well-being and self-esteem in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemicRyunosuke Goto0Aurelie Piedvache1Mayumi Hangai2Yui Yamaoka3Mariko Sampei4Naomi Sawada5Yusuke Okubo6Kyoko Tanaka7Naho Morisaki8Mariko Hosozawa9Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo HospitalDepartment of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and DevelopmentDepartment of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and DevelopmentDepartment of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityDepartment of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and DevelopmentDepartment of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and DevelopmentDepartment of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and DevelopmentDepartment of Psychosocial Medicine, National Center for Child Health and DevelopmentDepartment of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and DevelopmentBureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Institute for Global Health Policy ResearchAbstract Objective Given their unique COVID-19 pandemic experience, it is necessary to evaluate the mental health of youth beyond the initial stages of the pandemic, in relation to the stringency of the social distancing measures. We aimed to describe long-term trends in emotional well-being and self-esteem among youth in Japan during the pandemic. Method Using serial cross-sectional data from April 2020 to December 2021, we evaluated the trends in emotional well-being and self-esteem of youth aged 6–17 years using the self-report KINDL questionnaire, weighted to represent the age and gender distributions in the Japanese population. We then tested the associations between emotional well-being and self-esteem and stringency of social distancing policies, measured using the Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index. Analyses were also stratified by gender and age group. Results The emotional well-being and self-esteem of youth improved transiently in 2020, followed by a slight worsening trend into 2021. While emotional well-being stayed lower compared to initial levels nearly 2 years into the pandemic, self-esteem began to improve by late 2021. 12–17 year-olds had lower emotional well-being and self-esteem compared to 6–11 year-olds throughout the study period. Females had lower emotional well-being than males in May 2020 and lower self-esteem than males in May and September/October 2020. More stringent social distancing measures were associated with lower emotional well-being and self-esteem, especially 6–11 year-olds’ self-esteem and females’ emotional well-being. Conclusion During the COVID-19 pandemic, older youth tended to have lower emotional well-being and self-esteem than younger youth. Younger and female youth were especially vulnerable to stringent social distancing measures.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-022-00525-3COVID-19Social distancingSchool closuresEmotional well-beingSelf-esteem |
| spellingShingle | Ryunosuke Goto Aurelie Piedvache Mayumi Hangai Yui Yamaoka Mariko Sampei Naomi Sawada Yusuke Okubo Kyoko Tanaka Naho Morisaki Mariko Hosozawa Time trends in emotional well-being and self-esteem in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health COVID-19 Social distancing School closures Emotional well-being Self-esteem |
| title | Time trends in emotional well-being and self-esteem in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic |
| title_full | Time trends in emotional well-being and self-esteem in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic |
| title_fullStr | Time trends in emotional well-being and self-esteem in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic |
| title_full_unstemmed | Time trends in emotional well-being and self-esteem in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic |
| title_short | Time trends in emotional well-being and self-esteem in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic |
| title_sort | time trends in emotional well being and self esteem in children and adolescents during the covid 19 pandemic |
| topic | COVID-19 Social distancing School closures Emotional well-being Self-esteem |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-022-00525-3 |
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