Effects of Long-Term Physical Activity and BCAA Availability on the Subcellular Associations between Intramyocellular Lipids, Perilipins and PGC-1<i>α</i>
Cellular skeletal muscle lipid metabolism is of paramount importance for metabolic health, specifically through its connection to branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) metabolism and through its modulation by exercise. In this study, we aimed at better understanding intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) and th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/5/4282 |
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| author | Vasco Fachada Mika Silvennoinen Ulla-Maria Sahinaho Paavo Rahkila Riikka Kivelä Juha J. Hulmi Urho Kujala Heikki Kainulainen |
| author_facet | Vasco Fachada Mika Silvennoinen Ulla-Maria Sahinaho Paavo Rahkila Riikka Kivelä Juha J. Hulmi Urho Kujala Heikki Kainulainen |
| author_sort | Vasco Fachada |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cellular skeletal muscle lipid metabolism is of paramount importance for metabolic health, specifically through its connection to branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) metabolism and through its modulation by exercise. In this study, we aimed at better understanding intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) and their related key proteins in response to physical activity and BCAA deprivation. By means of confocal microscopy, we examined IMCL and the lipid droplet coating proteins PLIN2 and PLIN5 in human twin pairs discordant for physical activity. Additionally, in order to study IMCLs, PLINs and their association to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>α</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>) in cytosolic and nuclear pools, we mimicked exercise-induced contractions in C2C12 myotubes by electrical pulse stimulation (EPS), with or without BCAA deprivation. The life-long physically active twins displayed an increased IMCL signal in type I fibers when compared to their inactive twin pair. Moreover, the inactive twins showed a decreased association between PLIN2 and IMCL. Similarly, in the C2C12 cell line, PLIN2 dissociated from IMCL when myotubes were deprived of BCAA, especially when contracting. In addition, in myotubes, EPS led to an increase in nuclear PLIN5 signal and its associations with IMCL and PGC-1<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>α</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>. This study demonstrates how physical activity and BCAA availability affects IMCL and their associated proteins, providing further and novel evidence for the link between the BCAA, energy and lipid metabolisms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:23:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6e42b1a9192845d3b53de8f2055c29d3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:23:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-6e42b1a9192845d3b53de8f2055c29d32023-11-17T07:46:19ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-02-01245428210.3390/ijms24054282Effects of Long-Term Physical Activity and BCAA Availability on the Subcellular Associations between Intramyocellular Lipids, Perilipins and PGC-1<i>α</i>Vasco Fachada0Mika Silvennoinen1Ulla-Maria Sahinaho2Paavo Rahkila3Riikka Kivelä4Juha J. Hulmi5Urho Kujala6Heikki Kainulainen7Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, FinlandFaculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, FinlandFaculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, FinlandFaculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, FinlandFaculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, FinlandFaculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, FinlandFaculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, FinlandFaculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, FinlandCellular skeletal muscle lipid metabolism is of paramount importance for metabolic health, specifically through its connection to branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) metabolism and through its modulation by exercise. In this study, we aimed at better understanding intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) and their related key proteins in response to physical activity and BCAA deprivation. By means of confocal microscopy, we examined IMCL and the lipid droplet coating proteins PLIN2 and PLIN5 in human twin pairs discordant for physical activity. Additionally, in order to study IMCLs, PLINs and their association to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>α</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>) in cytosolic and nuclear pools, we mimicked exercise-induced contractions in C2C12 myotubes by electrical pulse stimulation (EPS), with or without BCAA deprivation. The life-long physically active twins displayed an increased IMCL signal in type I fibers when compared to their inactive twin pair. Moreover, the inactive twins showed a decreased association between PLIN2 and IMCL. Similarly, in the C2C12 cell line, PLIN2 dissociated from IMCL when myotubes were deprived of BCAA, especially when contracting. In addition, in myotubes, EPS led to an increase in nuclear PLIN5 signal and its associations with IMCL and PGC-1<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>α</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>. This study demonstrates how physical activity and BCAA availability affects IMCL and their associated proteins, providing further and novel evidence for the link between the BCAA, energy and lipid metabolisms.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/5/4282lipid dropletsPLIN2PLIN5skeletal musclephysical activityC2C12 |
| spellingShingle | Vasco Fachada Mika Silvennoinen Ulla-Maria Sahinaho Paavo Rahkila Riikka Kivelä Juha J. Hulmi Urho Kujala Heikki Kainulainen Effects of Long-Term Physical Activity and BCAA Availability on the Subcellular Associations between Intramyocellular Lipids, Perilipins and PGC-1<i>α</i> International Journal of Molecular Sciences lipid droplets PLIN2 PLIN5 skeletal muscle physical activity C2C12 |
| title | Effects of Long-Term Physical Activity and BCAA Availability on the Subcellular Associations between Intramyocellular Lipids, Perilipins and PGC-1<i>α</i> |
| title_full | Effects of Long-Term Physical Activity and BCAA Availability on the Subcellular Associations between Intramyocellular Lipids, Perilipins and PGC-1<i>α</i> |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Long-Term Physical Activity and BCAA Availability on the Subcellular Associations between Intramyocellular Lipids, Perilipins and PGC-1<i>α</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Long-Term Physical Activity and BCAA Availability on the Subcellular Associations between Intramyocellular Lipids, Perilipins and PGC-1<i>α</i> |
| title_short | Effects of Long-Term Physical Activity and BCAA Availability on the Subcellular Associations between Intramyocellular Lipids, Perilipins and PGC-1<i>α</i> |
| title_sort | effects of long term physical activity and bcaa availability on the subcellular associations between intramyocellular lipids perilipins and pgc 1 i α i |
| topic | lipid droplets PLIN2 PLIN5 skeletal muscle physical activity C2C12 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/5/4282 |
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