Antibody-Based Therapeutics for Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing due to the aging of societies. Atherosclerosis, a type of chronic inflammatory disease that occurs in arteries, is considered to be the main cause of cardiovascular diseases such as ischemic heart diseas...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/11/5770 |
| _version_ | 1797532261292179456 |
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| author | Eunhye Ji Sahmin Lee |
| author_facet | Eunhye Ji Sahmin Lee |
| author_sort | Eunhye Ji |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing due to the aging of societies. Atherosclerosis, a type of chronic inflammatory disease that occurs in arteries, is considered to be the main cause of cardiovascular diseases such as ischemic heart disease or stroke. In addition, the inflammatory response caused by atherosclerosis confers a significant effect on chronic inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis and rheumatic arthritis. Here, we review the mechanism of action of the main causes of atherosclerosis such as plasma LDL level and inflammation; furthermore, we review the recent findings on the preclinical and clinical effects of antibodies that reduce the LDL level and those that neutralize the cytokines involved in inflammation. The apolipoprotein B autoantibody and anti-PCSK9 antibody reduced the level of LDL and plaques in animal studies, but failed to significantly reduce carotid inflammation plaques in clinical trials. The monoclonal antibodies against PCSK9 (alirocumab, evolocumab), which are used as a treatment for hyperlipidemia, lowered cholesterol levels and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Antibodies that neutralize inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-12/23) have shown promising but contradictory results and thus warrant further research. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:57:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6e46dba9f7e04fc4ae68d52bb007f063 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:57:33Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-6e46dba9f7e04fc4ae68d52bb007f0632023-11-21T21:47:09ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-05-012211577010.3390/ijms22115770Antibody-Based Therapeutics for Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular DiseasesEunhye Ji0Sahmin Lee1Division of Cardiology, Heart Institute, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, KoreaDivision of Cardiology, Heart Institute, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, KoreaCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing due to the aging of societies. Atherosclerosis, a type of chronic inflammatory disease that occurs in arteries, is considered to be the main cause of cardiovascular diseases such as ischemic heart disease or stroke. In addition, the inflammatory response caused by atherosclerosis confers a significant effect on chronic inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis and rheumatic arthritis. Here, we review the mechanism of action of the main causes of atherosclerosis such as plasma LDL level and inflammation; furthermore, we review the recent findings on the preclinical and clinical effects of antibodies that reduce the LDL level and those that neutralize the cytokines involved in inflammation. The apolipoprotein B autoantibody and anti-PCSK9 antibody reduced the level of LDL and plaques in animal studies, but failed to significantly reduce carotid inflammation plaques in clinical trials. The monoclonal antibodies against PCSK9 (alirocumab, evolocumab), which are used as a treatment for hyperlipidemia, lowered cholesterol levels and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Antibodies that neutralize inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-12/23) have shown promising but contradictory results and thus warrant further research.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/11/5770atherosclerosisinflammationantibody therapy |
| spellingShingle | Eunhye Ji Sahmin Lee Antibody-Based Therapeutics for Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases International Journal of Molecular Sciences atherosclerosis inflammation antibody therapy |
| title | Antibody-Based Therapeutics for Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases |
| title_full | Antibody-Based Therapeutics for Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases |
| title_fullStr | Antibody-Based Therapeutics for Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antibody-Based Therapeutics for Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases |
| title_short | Antibody-Based Therapeutics for Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases |
| title_sort | antibody based therapeutics for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases |
| topic | atherosclerosis inflammation antibody therapy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/11/5770 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT eunhyeji antibodybasedtherapeuticsforatherosclerosisandcardiovasculardiseases AT sahminlee antibodybasedtherapeuticsforatherosclerosisandcardiovasculardiseases |