Three-Dimensional Broadband Electric Field Sensor Based on Integrated Lithium Niobate on Insulator
A three-dimensional (3D) electric field sensing scheme is proposed and experimentally demonstrated based on an integrated lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) platform. The 3D measurement is realized by packing three LNOI-based sensor chips in a triangular-prism-type clamp. For each sensor chip, the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/2/873 |
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| author | Zhao Liu Le Qiu Lan Zhao Lijun Luo Wenhao Du Lingjie Zhang Bao Sun Zhiyao Zhang Shangjian Zhang Yong Liu |
| author_facet | Zhao Liu Le Qiu Lan Zhao Lijun Luo Wenhao Du Lingjie Zhang Bao Sun Zhiyao Zhang Shangjian Zhang Yong Liu |
| author_sort | Zhao Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A three-dimensional (3D) electric field sensing scheme is proposed and experimentally demonstrated based on an integrated lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) platform. The 3D measurement is realized by packing three LNOI-based sensor chips in a triangular-prism-type clamp. For each sensor chip, the optical waveguide has an asymmetrical Michelson interferometer architecture, and the tapered dipole antenna is inclined to the optical waveguide. By finely placing the three sensor chips in the clamp, the three pairs of inclined tapered dipole antennas are mutually orthogonal and can be applied to measure the electric field in three orthogonal polarization directions. The volume of the packaged 3D sensor is 9.5 cm<sup>3</sup>. In the experiment, a flat response in the frequency range of 10 MHz to 3 GHz is demonstrated. In addition, a 3 × 3 response calibration matrix is obtained and utilized to reduce the measurement error. After calibration, the relative measurement error of the electric field amplitude is smaller than 5.1% for every polarization direction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:44:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6e48bdfb15a54f2599dbcb246216457c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:44:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-6e48bdfb15a54f2599dbcb246216457c2023-11-30T21:02:44ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-01-0113287310.3390/app13020873Three-Dimensional Broadband Electric Field Sensor Based on Integrated Lithium Niobate on InsulatorZhao Liu0Le Qiu1Lan Zhao2Lijun Luo3Wenhao Du4Lingjie Zhang5Bao Sun6Zhiyao Zhang7Shangjian Zhang8Yong Liu9The State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, ChinaThe State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, ChinaThe State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, ChinaThe State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, ChinaThe State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, ChinaThe State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, ChinaThe State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, ChinaThe State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, ChinaThe State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, ChinaThe State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, ChinaA three-dimensional (3D) electric field sensing scheme is proposed and experimentally demonstrated based on an integrated lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) platform. The 3D measurement is realized by packing three LNOI-based sensor chips in a triangular-prism-type clamp. For each sensor chip, the optical waveguide has an asymmetrical Michelson interferometer architecture, and the tapered dipole antenna is inclined to the optical waveguide. By finely placing the three sensor chips in the clamp, the three pairs of inclined tapered dipole antennas are mutually orthogonal and can be applied to measure the electric field in three orthogonal polarization directions. The volume of the packaged 3D sensor is 9.5 cm<sup>3</sup>. In the experiment, a flat response in the frequency range of 10 MHz to 3 GHz is demonstrated. In addition, a 3 × 3 response calibration matrix is obtained and utilized to reduce the measurement error. After calibration, the relative measurement error of the electric field amplitude is smaller than 5.1% for every polarization direction.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/2/873electric field sensorlithium niobate on insulatorMichelson interferometer |
| spellingShingle | Zhao Liu Le Qiu Lan Zhao Lijun Luo Wenhao Du Lingjie Zhang Bao Sun Zhiyao Zhang Shangjian Zhang Yong Liu Three-Dimensional Broadband Electric Field Sensor Based on Integrated Lithium Niobate on Insulator Applied Sciences electric field sensor lithium niobate on insulator Michelson interferometer |
| title | Three-Dimensional Broadband Electric Field Sensor Based on Integrated Lithium Niobate on Insulator |
| title_full | Three-Dimensional Broadband Electric Field Sensor Based on Integrated Lithium Niobate on Insulator |
| title_fullStr | Three-Dimensional Broadband Electric Field Sensor Based on Integrated Lithium Niobate on Insulator |
| title_full_unstemmed | Three-Dimensional Broadband Electric Field Sensor Based on Integrated Lithium Niobate on Insulator |
| title_short | Three-Dimensional Broadband Electric Field Sensor Based on Integrated Lithium Niobate on Insulator |
| title_sort | three dimensional broadband electric field sensor based on integrated lithium niobate on insulator |
| topic | electric field sensor lithium niobate on insulator Michelson interferometer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/2/873 |
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