Associations of six adiposity-related markers with incidence and mortality from 24 cancers—findings from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study
Abstract Background Adiposity is a strong risk factor for cancer incidence and mortality. However, most of the evidence available has focused on body mass index (BMI) as a marker of adiposity. There is limited evidence on relationships of cancer with other adiposity markers, and if these association...
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BMC
2021-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01848-8 |
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| author | Solange Parra-Soto Emma S. Cowley Leandro F. M. Rezende Catterina Ferreccio John C. Mathers Jill P. Pell Frederick K. Ho Carlos Celis-Morales |
| author_facet | Solange Parra-Soto Emma S. Cowley Leandro F. M. Rezende Catterina Ferreccio John C. Mathers Jill P. Pell Frederick K. Ho Carlos Celis-Morales |
| author_sort | Solange Parra-Soto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Adiposity is a strong risk factor for cancer incidence and mortality. However, most of the evidence available has focused on body mass index (BMI) as a marker of adiposity. There is limited evidence on relationships of cancer with other adiposity markers, and if these associations are linear or not. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of six adiposity markers with incidence and mortality from 24 cancers by accounting for potential non-linear associations. Methods A total of 437,393 participants (53.8% women; mean age 56.3 years) from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study were included in this study. The median follow-up was 8.8 years (interquartile range 7.9 to 9.6) for mortality and 9.3 years (IQR 8.6 to 9.9) for cancer incidence. Adiposity-related exposures were BMI, body fat percentage, waist-hip ratio, waist-height ratio, and waist and hip circumference. Incidence and mortality of 24 cancers sites were the outcomes. Cox proportional hazard models were used with each of the exposure variables fitted separately on penalised cubic splines. Results During follow-up, 47,882 individuals developed cancer and 11,265 died due to cancer during the follow-up period. All adiposity markers had similar associations with overall cancer incidence. BMI was associated with a higher incidence of 10 cancers (stomach cardia (hazard ratio per 1 SD increment 1.35, (95% CI 1.23; 1.47)), gallbladder (1.33 (1.12; 1.58)), liver (1.27 (1.19; 1.36)), kidney (1.26 (1.20; 1.33)), pancreas (1.12 (1.06; 1.19)), bladder (1.09 (1.04; 1.14)), colorectal (1.10 (1.06; 1.13)), endometrial (1.73 (1.65; 1.82)), uterine (1.68 (1.60; 1.75)), and breast cancer (1.08 (1.05; 1.11))) and overall cancer (1.03 (1.02; 1.04)). All these associations were linear except for breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Similar results were observed when other markers of central and overall adiposity were used. For mortality, nine cancer sites were linearly associated with BMI and eight with waist circumference and body fat percentage. Conclusion Adiposity, regardless of the marker used, was associated with an increased risk in 10 cancer sites. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T03:04:45Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1741-7015 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T03:04:45Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| spelling | doaj.art-6e4ad81efbad4c9dad295b5c0fa91bb02022-12-21T23:19:25ZengBMCBMC Medicine1741-70152021-01-0119111410.1186/s12916-020-01848-8Associations of six adiposity-related markers with incidence and mortality from 24 cancers—findings from the UK Biobank prospective cohort studySolange Parra-Soto0Emma S. Cowley1Leandro F. M. Rezende2Catterina Ferreccio3John C. Mathers4Jill P. Pell5Frederick K. Ho6Carlos Celis-Morales7Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of GlasgowInstitute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of GlasgowDepartamento de Medicina Preventiva, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de MedicinaAdvanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Universidad de Chile and Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileHuman Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle UniversityInstitute of Health and Wellbeing, University of GlasgowInstitute of Health and Wellbeing, University of GlasgowInstitute of Health and Wellbeing, University of GlasgowAbstract Background Adiposity is a strong risk factor for cancer incidence and mortality. However, most of the evidence available has focused on body mass index (BMI) as a marker of adiposity. There is limited evidence on relationships of cancer with other adiposity markers, and if these associations are linear or not. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of six adiposity markers with incidence and mortality from 24 cancers by accounting for potential non-linear associations. Methods A total of 437,393 participants (53.8% women; mean age 56.3 years) from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study were included in this study. The median follow-up was 8.8 years (interquartile range 7.9 to 9.6) for mortality and 9.3 years (IQR 8.6 to 9.9) for cancer incidence. Adiposity-related exposures were BMI, body fat percentage, waist-hip ratio, waist-height ratio, and waist and hip circumference. Incidence and mortality of 24 cancers sites were the outcomes. Cox proportional hazard models were used with each of the exposure variables fitted separately on penalised cubic splines. Results During follow-up, 47,882 individuals developed cancer and 11,265 died due to cancer during the follow-up period. All adiposity markers had similar associations with overall cancer incidence. BMI was associated with a higher incidence of 10 cancers (stomach cardia (hazard ratio per 1 SD increment 1.35, (95% CI 1.23; 1.47)), gallbladder (1.33 (1.12; 1.58)), liver (1.27 (1.19; 1.36)), kidney (1.26 (1.20; 1.33)), pancreas (1.12 (1.06; 1.19)), bladder (1.09 (1.04; 1.14)), colorectal (1.10 (1.06; 1.13)), endometrial (1.73 (1.65; 1.82)), uterine (1.68 (1.60; 1.75)), and breast cancer (1.08 (1.05; 1.11))) and overall cancer (1.03 (1.02; 1.04)). All these associations were linear except for breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Similar results were observed when other markers of central and overall adiposity were used. For mortality, nine cancer sites were linearly associated with BMI and eight with waist circumference and body fat percentage. Conclusion Adiposity, regardless of the marker used, was associated with an increased risk in 10 cancer sites.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01848-8ObesityBody mass indexWaist circumferenceBody fatCancerUK Biobank |
| spellingShingle | Solange Parra-Soto Emma S. Cowley Leandro F. M. Rezende Catterina Ferreccio John C. Mathers Jill P. Pell Frederick K. Ho Carlos Celis-Morales Associations of six adiposity-related markers with incidence and mortality from 24 cancers—findings from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study BMC Medicine Obesity Body mass index Waist circumference Body fat Cancer UK Biobank |
| title | Associations of six adiposity-related markers with incidence and mortality from 24 cancers—findings from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study |
| title_full | Associations of six adiposity-related markers with incidence and mortality from 24 cancers—findings from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study |
| title_fullStr | Associations of six adiposity-related markers with incidence and mortality from 24 cancers—findings from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Associations of six adiposity-related markers with incidence and mortality from 24 cancers—findings from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study |
| title_short | Associations of six adiposity-related markers with incidence and mortality from 24 cancers—findings from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study |
| title_sort | associations of six adiposity related markers with incidence and mortality from 24 cancers findings from the uk biobank prospective cohort study |
| topic | Obesity Body mass index Waist circumference Body fat Cancer UK Biobank |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01848-8 |
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