Efficacy of Helicoverpa Armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus on Soybean for Control of <i>Helicoverpa zea</i> (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Arkansas Agriculture
Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) is a naturally occurring virus commercially produced for control of Heliothines, including <i>Helicoverpa zea</i>. One drawback with using this virus for control has been the slower time to mortality compared with synthetic insecticides...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/1/91 |
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| author | Joseph L. Black Gus M. Lorenz Aaron J. Cato Nick R. Bateman Nicholas J. Seiter |
| author_facet | Joseph L. Black Gus M. Lorenz Aaron J. Cato Nick R. Bateman Nicholas J. Seiter |
| author_sort | Joseph L. Black |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) is a naturally occurring virus commercially produced for control of Heliothines, including <i>Helicoverpa zea</i>. One drawback with using this virus for control has been the slower time to mortality compared with synthetic insecticides. However, a new formulation (Heligen<sup>®</sup>) has anecdotally been thought to result in quicker mortality than previously observed. The objective of this study was to evaluate percent defoliation, the efficacy of HearNPV on mortality for each <i>H. zea</i> larval instar, and the potential for control of a second infestation. Fourteen days after the first infestation, all plants were re-infested with a second instar larva to simulate a second infestation. Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus was effective at killing 1st–3rd instars, resulting in 99% mortality over 4–6 days. However, 4th and 5th instar mortality only reached 35%. Second infestation larvae died between 3.4 and 3.8 days, significantly faster than the 1st infestation of 2nd instars, which had a mean time to mortality of 4.9 days. An increase in mortality rate is probably due to increasing viral concentrations after viral replication within the first hosts. Final defoliation percentages were significantly smaller in the treated plants versus the untreated plants. Only 3rd and 4th instar larvae caused percent defoliation to exceed the current Arkansas action threshold of 40%. Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus in the Heligen formulation can control 1st–3rd instars within 4–6 days, while keeping defoliation below the action threshold of 40%. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:15:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6e571e8572c349728b602ec49dc2c25f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:15:13Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-6e571e8572c349728b602ec49dc2c25f2023-11-23T14:10:39ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502022-01-011319110.3390/insects13010091Efficacy of Helicoverpa Armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus on Soybean for Control of <i>Helicoverpa zea</i> (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Arkansas AgricultureJoseph L. Black0Gus M. Lorenz1Aaron J. Cato2Nick R. Bateman3Nicholas J. Seiter4Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USADepartment of Entomology, The University of Arkansas, Lonoke Agricultural Center, Lonoke, AR 72086, USADepartment of Horticulture, The University of Arkansas, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Little Rock, AR 72204, USADepartment of Entomology, The University of Arkansas, Rice Research and Extension Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USADepartment of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USAHelicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) is a naturally occurring virus commercially produced for control of Heliothines, including <i>Helicoverpa zea</i>. One drawback with using this virus for control has been the slower time to mortality compared with synthetic insecticides. However, a new formulation (Heligen<sup>®</sup>) has anecdotally been thought to result in quicker mortality than previously observed. The objective of this study was to evaluate percent defoliation, the efficacy of HearNPV on mortality for each <i>H. zea</i> larval instar, and the potential for control of a second infestation. Fourteen days after the first infestation, all plants were re-infested with a second instar larva to simulate a second infestation. Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus was effective at killing 1st–3rd instars, resulting in 99% mortality over 4–6 days. However, 4th and 5th instar mortality only reached 35%. Second infestation larvae died between 3.4 and 3.8 days, significantly faster than the 1st infestation of 2nd instars, which had a mean time to mortality of 4.9 days. An increase in mortality rate is probably due to increasing viral concentrations after viral replication within the first hosts. Final defoliation percentages were significantly smaller in the treated plants versus the untreated plants. Only 3rd and 4th instar larvae caused percent defoliation to exceed the current Arkansas action threshold of 40%. Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus in the Heligen formulation can control 1st–3rd instars within 4–6 days, while keeping defoliation below the action threshold of 40%.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/1/91nucleopolyhedrovirussoybeanbio-pesticideHeligen<i>Helicoverpa zea</i> |
| spellingShingle | Joseph L. Black Gus M. Lorenz Aaron J. Cato Nick R. Bateman Nicholas J. Seiter Efficacy of Helicoverpa Armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus on Soybean for Control of <i>Helicoverpa zea</i> (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Arkansas Agriculture Insects nucleopolyhedrovirus soybean bio-pesticide Heligen <i>Helicoverpa zea</i> |
| title | Efficacy of Helicoverpa Armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus on Soybean for Control of <i>Helicoverpa zea</i> (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Arkansas Agriculture |
| title_full | Efficacy of Helicoverpa Armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus on Soybean for Control of <i>Helicoverpa zea</i> (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Arkansas Agriculture |
| title_fullStr | Efficacy of Helicoverpa Armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus on Soybean for Control of <i>Helicoverpa zea</i> (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Arkansas Agriculture |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficacy of Helicoverpa Armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus on Soybean for Control of <i>Helicoverpa zea</i> (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Arkansas Agriculture |
| title_short | Efficacy of Helicoverpa Armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus on Soybean for Control of <i>Helicoverpa zea</i> (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Arkansas Agriculture |
| title_sort | efficacy of helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus on soybean for control of i helicoverpa zea i boddie lepidoptera noctuidae in arkansas agriculture |
| topic | nucleopolyhedrovirus soybean bio-pesticide Heligen <i>Helicoverpa zea</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/1/91 |
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