Phosphorus losses via surface runoff in rice-wheat cropping systems as impacted by rainfall regimes and fertilizer applications
Phosphorus (P) losses from agricultural soils contribute to eutrophication of surface waters. This field plot study investigated effects of rainfall regimes and P applications on P loss by surface runoff from rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping systems in Lake Taihu regi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2016-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Integrative Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311916616489 |
| _version_ | 1831717670514327552 |
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| author | Jian LIU Qiang ZUO Li-mei ZHAI Chun-yan LUO Hong-bin LIU Hong-yuan WANG Shen LIU Guo-yuan ZOU Tian-zhi REN |
| author_facet | Jian LIU Qiang ZUO Li-mei ZHAI Chun-yan LUO Hong-bin LIU Hong-yuan WANG Shen LIU Guo-yuan ZOU Tian-zhi REN |
| author_sort | Jian LIU |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Phosphorus (P) losses from agricultural soils contribute to eutrophication of surface waters. This field plot study investigated effects of rainfall regimes and P applications on P loss by surface runoff from rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping systems in Lake Taihu region, China. The study was conducted on two types of paddy soils (Hydromorphic at Anzhen site, Wuxi City, and Degleyed at Xinzhuang site, Changshu City, Jiangsu Province) with different P status, and it covered 3 years with low, high and normal rainfall regimes. Four rates of mineral P fertilizer, i.e., no P (control), 30 kg P ha–1 for rice and 20 kg P ha–1 for wheat (P30+20), 75 plus 40 (P75+40), and 150 plus 80 (P150+80), were applied as treatments. Runoff water from individual plots and runoff events was recorded and analyzed for total P and dissolved reactive P concentrations. Losses of total P and dissolved reactive P significantly increased with rainfall depth and P rates (P<0.0001). Annual total P losses ranged from 0.36–0.92 kg ha–1 in control to 1.13–4.67 kg ha–1 in P150+80 at Anzhen, and correspondingly from 0.36–0.48 kg ha–1 to 1.26–1.88 kg ha–1 at Xinzhuang, with 16–49% of total P as dissolved reactive P. In particular, large amounts of P were lost during heavy rainfall events that occurred shortly after P applications at Anzhen. On average of all P treatments, rice growing season constituted 37–86% of annual total P loss at Anzhen and 28–44% of that at Xinzhuang. In both crop seasons, P concentrations peaked in the first runoff events and decreased with time. During rice growing season, runoff P concentrations positively correlated (P<0.0001) with P concentrations in field ponding water that was intentionally enclosed by construction of field bund. The relative high P loss during wheat growing season at Xinzhuang was due to high soil P status. In conclusion, P should be applied at rates balancing crop removal (20–30 kg P ha–1 in this study) and at time excluding heavy rains. Moreover, irrigation and drainage water should be appropriately managed to reduce runoff P losses from rice-wheat cropping systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T01:03:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6e6061d30feb4174a3bc391ea0aacc89 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2095-3119 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T01:03:42Z |
| publishDate | 2016-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Integrative Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-6e6061d30feb4174a3bc391ea0aacc892022-12-21T19:21:06ZengElsevierJournal of Integrative Agriculture2095-31192016-03-01153667677Phosphorus losses via surface runoff in rice-wheat cropping systems as impacted by rainfall regimes and fertilizer applicationsJian LIU0Qiang ZUO1Li-mei ZHAI2Chun-yan LUO3Hong-bin LIU4Hong-yuan WANG5Shen LIU6Guo-yuan ZOU7Tian-zhi REN8Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. China; Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USAInstitute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P.R. ChinaKey Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. ChinaKey Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. ChinaKey Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. China; Correspondence LIU Hong-bin, Tel: +86-10-82108763Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. ChinaKey Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. ChinaInstitute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P.R. ChinaInstitute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, P.R. ChinaPhosphorus (P) losses from agricultural soils contribute to eutrophication of surface waters. This field plot study investigated effects of rainfall regimes and P applications on P loss by surface runoff from rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping systems in Lake Taihu region, China. The study was conducted on two types of paddy soils (Hydromorphic at Anzhen site, Wuxi City, and Degleyed at Xinzhuang site, Changshu City, Jiangsu Province) with different P status, and it covered 3 years with low, high and normal rainfall regimes. Four rates of mineral P fertilizer, i.e., no P (control), 30 kg P ha–1 for rice and 20 kg P ha–1 for wheat (P30+20), 75 plus 40 (P75+40), and 150 plus 80 (P150+80), were applied as treatments. Runoff water from individual plots and runoff events was recorded and analyzed for total P and dissolved reactive P concentrations. Losses of total P and dissolved reactive P significantly increased with rainfall depth and P rates (P<0.0001). Annual total P losses ranged from 0.36–0.92 kg ha–1 in control to 1.13–4.67 kg ha–1 in P150+80 at Anzhen, and correspondingly from 0.36–0.48 kg ha–1 to 1.26–1.88 kg ha–1 at Xinzhuang, with 16–49% of total P as dissolved reactive P. In particular, large amounts of P were lost during heavy rainfall events that occurred shortly after P applications at Anzhen. On average of all P treatments, rice growing season constituted 37–86% of annual total P loss at Anzhen and 28–44% of that at Xinzhuang. In both crop seasons, P concentrations peaked in the first runoff events and decreased with time. During rice growing season, runoff P concentrations positively correlated (P<0.0001) with P concentrations in field ponding water that was intentionally enclosed by construction of field bund. The relative high P loss during wheat growing season at Xinzhuang was due to high soil P status. In conclusion, P should be applied at rates balancing crop removal (20–30 kg P ha–1 in this study) and at time excluding heavy rains. Moreover, irrigation and drainage water should be appropriately managed to reduce runoff P losses from rice-wheat cropping systems.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311916616489double cropping systemintensive agricultureLake Taihu regionphosphorus losssurface runoffwater quality |
| spellingShingle | Jian LIU Qiang ZUO Li-mei ZHAI Chun-yan LUO Hong-bin LIU Hong-yuan WANG Shen LIU Guo-yuan ZOU Tian-zhi REN Phosphorus losses via surface runoff in rice-wheat cropping systems as impacted by rainfall regimes and fertilizer applications Journal of Integrative Agriculture double cropping system intensive agriculture Lake Taihu region phosphorus loss surface runoff water quality |
| title | Phosphorus losses via surface runoff in rice-wheat cropping systems as impacted by rainfall regimes and fertilizer applications |
| title_full | Phosphorus losses via surface runoff in rice-wheat cropping systems as impacted by rainfall regimes and fertilizer applications |
| title_fullStr | Phosphorus losses via surface runoff in rice-wheat cropping systems as impacted by rainfall regimes and fertilizer applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phosphorus losses via surface runoff in rice-wheat cropping systems as impacted by rainfall regimes and fertilizer applications |
| title_short | Phosphorus losses via surface runoff in rice-wheat cropping systems as impacted by rainfall regimes and fertilizer applications |
| title_sort | phosphorus losses via surface runoff in rice wheat cropping systems as impacted by rainfall regimes and fertilizer applications |
| topic | double cropping system intensive agriculture Lake Taihu region phosphorus loss surface runoff water quality |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311916616489 |
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