Engineered small extracellular vesicles as a novel platform to suppress human oncovirus-associated cancers
Abstract Background Cancer, as a complex, heterogeneous disease, is currently affecting millions of people worldwide. Even if the most common traditional treatments, namely, chemotherapy (CTx) and radiotherapy (RTx), have been so far effective in some conditions, there is still a dire need for novel...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Infectious Agents and Cancer |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13027-023-00549-0 |
| _version_ | 1797637114065584128 |
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| author | Iman Owliaee Mehran khaledian Armin Khaghani Boroujeni Ali Shojaeian |
| author_facet | Iman Owliaee Mehran khaledian Armin Khaghani Boroujeni Ali Shojaeian |
| author_sort | Iman Owliaee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Cancer, as a complex, heterogeneous disease, is currently affecting millions of people worldwide. Even if the most common traditional treatments, namely, chemotherapy (CTx) and radiotherapy (RTx), have been so far effective in some conditions, there is still a dire need for novel, innovative approaches to treat types of cancer. In this context, oncoviruses are responsible for 12% of all malignancies, such as human papillomavirus (HPV), Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), as well as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), and the poorest in the world also account for 80% of all human cancer cases. Against this background, nanomedicine has developed nano-based drug delivery systems (DDS) to meet the demand for drug delivery vectors, e.g., extracellular vesicles (EVs). This review article aimed to explore the potential of engineered small EVs (sEVs) in suppressing human oncovirus-associated cancers. Methods Our search was conducted for published research between 2000 and 2022 using several international databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. We also reviewed additional evidence from relevant published articles. Results In this line, the findings revealed that EV engineering as a new field is witnessing the development of novel sEV-based structures, and it is expected to be advanced in the future. EVs may be further exploited in specialized applications as therapeutic or diagnostic tools. The techniques of biotechnology have been additionally utilized to create synthetic bilayers based on the physical and chemical properties of parent molecules via a top-down strategy for downsizing complicated, big particles into nano-sized sEVs. Conclusion As the final point, EV-mediated treatments are less toxic to the body than the most conventional ones, making them a safer and even more effective option. Although many in vitro studies have so far tested the efficacy of sEVs, further research is still needed to develop their potential in animal and clinical trials to reap the therapeutic benefits of this promising platform. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T12:43:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6e61e5a425f44c5c964f399c76a3be66 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1750-9378 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T12:43:47Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Infectious Agents and Cancer |
| spelling | doaj.art-6e61e5a425f44c5c964f399c76a3be662023-11-05T12:08:17ZengBMCInfectious Agents and Cancer1750-93782023-11-0118111710.1186/s13027-023-00549-0Engineered small extracellular vesicles as a novel platform to suppress human oncovirus-associated cancersIman Owliaee0Mehran khaledian1Armin Khaghani Boroujeni2Ali Shojaeian3Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical SciencesSkin Disease and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical SciencesResearch Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Cancer, as a complex, heterogeneous disease, is currently affecting millions of people worldwide. Even if the most common traditional treatments, namely, chemotherapy (CTx) and radiotherapy (RTx), have been so far effective in some conditions, there is still a dire need for novel, innovative approaches to treat types of cancer. In this context, oncoviruses are responsible for 12% of all malignancies, such as human papillomavirus (HPV), Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), as well as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), and the poorest in the world also account for 80% of all human cancer cases. Against this background, nanomedicine has developed nano-based drug delivery systems (DDS) to meet the demand for drug delivery vectors, e.g., extracellular vesicles (EVs). This review article aimed to explore the potential of engineered small EVs (sEVs) in suppressing human oncovirus-associated cancers. Methods Our search was conducted for published research between 2000 and 2022 using several international databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. We also reviewed additional evidence from relevant published articles. Results In this line, the findings revealed that EV engineering as a new field is witnessing the development of novel sEV-based structures, and it is expected to be advanced in the future. EVs may be further exploited in specialized applications as therapeutic or diagnostic tools. The techniques of biotechnology have been additionally utilized to create synthetic bilayers based on the physical and chemical properties of parent molecules via a top-down strategy for downsizing complicated, big particles into nano-sized sEVs. Conclusion As the final point, EV-mediated treatments are less toxic to the body than the most conventional ones, making them a safer and even more effective option. Although many in vitro studies have so far tested the efficacy of sEVs, further research is still needed to develop their potential in animal and clinical trials to reap the therapeutic benefits of this promising platform.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13027-023-00549-0Small extracellular vesiclesEngineered Small Extracellular vesiclesOncovirusesCancer |
| spellingShingle | Iman Owliaee Mehran khaledian Armin Khaghani Boroujeni Ali Shojaeian Engineered small extracellular vesicles as a novel platform to suppress human oncovirus-associated cancers Infectious Agents and Cancer Small extracellular vesicles Engineered Small Extracellular vesicles Oncoviruses Cancer |
| title | Engineered small extracellular vesicles as a novel platform to suppress human oncovirus-associated cancers |
| title_full | Engineered small extracellular vesicles as a novel platform to suppress human oncovirus-associated cancers |
| title_fullStr | Engineered small extracellular vesicles as a novel platform to suppress human oncovirus-associated cancers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Engineered small extracellular vesicles as a novel platform to suppress human oncovirus-associated cancers |
| title_short | Engineered small extracellular vesicles as a novel platform to suppress human oncovirus-associated cancers |
| title_sort | engineered small extracellular vesicles as a novel platform to suppress human oncovirus associated cancers |
| topic | Small extracellular vesicles Engineered Small Extracellular vesicles Oncoviruses Cancer |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13027-023-00549-0 |
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