Genome-wide analysis of <it>acetivibrio cellulolyticus</it> provides a blueprint of an elaborate cellulosome system
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Microbial degradation of plant cell walls and its conversion to sugars and other byproducts is a key step in the carbon cycle on Earth. In order to process heterogeneous plant-derived biomass, specialized anaerobic bacteria use an el...
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| Format: | Article |
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BMC
2012-05-01
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| Series: | BMC Genomics |
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| Online Access: | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/13/210 |
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| author | Dassa Bareket Borovok Ilya Lamed Raphael Henrissat Bernard Coutinho Pedro Hemme Christopher L Huang Yue Zhou Jizhong Bayer Edward A |
| author_facet | Dassa Bareket Borovok Ilya Lamed Raphael Henrissat Bernard Coutinho Pedro Hemme Christopher L Huang Yue Zhou Jizhong Bayer Edward A |
| author_sort | Dassa Bareket |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Microbial degradation of plant cell walls and its conversion to sugars and other byproducts is a key step in the carbon cycle on Earth. In order to process heterogeneous plant-derived biomass, specialized anaerobic bacteria use an elaborate multi-enzyme cellulosome complex to synergistically deconstruct cellulosic substrates. The cellulosome was first discovered in the cellulolytic thermophile, <it>Clostridium thermocellum</it>, and much of our knowledge of this intriguing type of protein composite is based on the cellulosome of this environmentally and biotechnologically important bacterium. The recently sequenced genome of the cellulolytic mesophile, <it>Acetivibrio cellulolyticus,</it> allows detailed comparison of the cellulosomes of these two select cellulosome-producing bacteria.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Comprehensive analysis of the <it>A. cellulolyticus</it> draft genome sequence revealed a very sophisticated cellulosome system. Compared to <it>C. thermocellum</it>, the cellulosomal architecture of <it>A. cellulolyticus</it> is much more extensive, whereby the genome encodes for twice the number of cohesin- and dockerin-containing proteins. The <it>A. cellulolyticus</it> genome has thus evolved an inflated number of 143 dockerin-containing genes, coding for multimodular proteins with distinctive catalytic and carbohydrate-binding modules that play critical roles in biomass degradation. Additionally, 41 putative cohesin modules distributed in 16 different scaffoldin proteins were identified in the genome, representing a broader diversity and modularity than those of <it>Clostridium thermocellum</it>. Although many of the <it>A. cellulolyticus</it> scaffoldins appear in unconventional modular combinations, elements of the basic structural scaffoldins are maintained in both species. In addition, both species exhibit similarly elaborate cell-anchoring and cellulosome-related gene- regulatory elements.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This work portrays a particularly intricate, cell-surface cellulosome system in <it>A. cellulolyticus</it> and provides a blueprint for examining the specific roles of the various cellulosomal components in the degradation of complex carbohydrate substrates of the plant cell wall by the bacterium.</p> |
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| publishDate | 2012-05-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-6e63fdbab3d24118b03ab909d1d5cbd62022-12-21T23:35:04ZengBMCBMC Genomics1471-21642012-05-0113121010.1186/1471-2164-13-210Genome-wide analysis of <it>acetivibrio cellulolyticus</it> provides a blueprint of an elaborate cellulosome systemDassa BareketBorovok IlyaLamed RaphaelHenrissat BernardCoutinho PedroHemme Christopher LHuang YueZhou JizhongBayer Edward A<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Microbial degradation of plant cell walls and its conversion to sugars and other byproducts is a key step in the carbon cycle on Earth. In order to process heterogeneous plant-derived biomass, specialized anaerobic bacteria use an elaborate multi-enzyme cellulosome complex to synergistically deconstruct cellulosic substrates. The cellulosome was first discovered in the cellulolytic thermophile, <it>Clostridium thermocellum</it>, and much of our knowledge of this intriguing type of protein composite is based on the cellulosome of this environmentally and biotechnologically important bacterium. The recently sequenced genome of the cellulolytic mesophile, <it>Acetivibrio cellulolyticus,</it> allows detailed comparison of the cellulosomes of these two select cellulosome-producing bacteria.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Comprehensive analysis of the <it>A. cellulolyticus</it> draft genome sequence revealed a very sophisticated cellulosome system. Compared to <it>C. thermocellum</it>, the cellulosomal architecture of <it>A. cellulolyticus</it> is much more extensive, whereby the genome encodes for twice the number of cohesin- and dockerin-containing proteins. The <it>A. cellulolyticus</it> genome has thus evolved an inflated number of 143 dockerin-containing genes, coding for multimodular proteins with distinctive catalytic and carbohydrate-binding modules that play critical roles in biomass degradation. Additionally, 41 putative cohesin modules distributed in 16 different scaffoldin proteins were identified in the genome, representing a broader diversity and modularity than those of <it>Clostridium thermocellum</it>. Although many of the <it>A. cellulolyticus</it> scaffoldins appear in unconventional modular combinations, elements of the basic structural scaffoldins are maintained in both species. In addition, both species exhibit similarly elaborate cell-anchoring and cellulosome-related gene- regulatory elements.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This work portrays a particularly intricate, cell-surface cellulosome system in <it>A. cellulolyticus</it> and provides a blueprint for examining the specific roles of the various cellulosomal components in the degradation of complex carbohydrate substrates of the plant cell wall by the bacterium.</p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/13/210Cellulosomics<it>Clostridium thermocellum</it>ScaffoldinCohesinDockerin |
| spellingShingle | Dassa Bareket Borovok Ilya Lamed Raphael Henrissat Bernard Coutinho Pedro Hemme Christopher L Huang Yue Zhou Jizhong Bayer Edward A Genome-wide analysis of <it>acetivibrio cellulolyticus</it> provides a blueprint of an elaborate cellulosome system BMC Genomics Cellulosomics <it>Clostridium thermocellum</it> Scaffoldin Cohesin Dockerin |
| title | Genome-wide analysis of <it>acetivibrio cellulolyticus</it> provides a blueprint of an elaborate cellulosome system |
| title_full | Genome-wide analysis of <it>acetivibrio cellulolyticus</it> provides a blueprint of an elaborate cellulosome system |
| title_fullStr | Genome-wide analysis of <it>acetivibrio cellulolyticus</it> provides a blueprint of an elaborate cellulosome system |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genome-wide analysis of <it>acetivibrio cellulolyticus</it> provides a blueprint of an elaborate cellulosome system |
| title_short | Genome-wide analysis of <it>acetivibrio cellulolyticus</it> provides a blueprint of an elaborate cellulosome system |
| title_sort | genome wide analysis of it acetivibrio cellulolyticus it provides a blueprint of an elaborate cellulosome system |
| topic | Cellulosomics <it>Clostridium thermocellum</it> Scaffoldin Cohesin Dockerin |
| url | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/13/210 |
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