Electrochemical performance study of Ag/AgCl and Au flexible electrodes for unobtrusive monitoring of human biopotentials
Abstract Flexible and stretchable electronics are a logical choice for the recording of biopotentials, due to their improved patient comfort and customizability. There is, however, significant variance in the signal quality received from these electrodes based on material, size, and target recording...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley-VCH
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Nano Select |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/nano.202100345 |
| _version_ | 1811341853533929472 |
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| author | Jonas F. Kurniawan Alexis B. Allegra Timothy Pham Andrew K. L. Nguyen Nathan L. J. Sit Boris Tjhia Andrew J. Shin Todd P. Coleman |
| author_facet | Jonas F. Kurniawan Alexis B. Allegra Timothy Pham Andrew K. L. Nguyen Nathan L. J. Sit Boris Tjhia Andrew J. Shin Todd P. Coleman |
| author_sort | Jonas F. Kurniawan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Flexible and stretchable electronics are a logical choice for the recording of biopotentials, due to their improved patient comfort and customizability. There is, however, significant variance in the signal quality received from these electrodes based on material, size, and target recording frequency. Here we develop a methodology based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and circuit modeling for optimizing electrodes for a specific application. We use EIS to measure the frequency dependent impedance characteristics of gold (Au) and silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrodes of different diameters. Additionally, we use a Randles circuit model and perform model fitting with our data to extrapolate results to arbitrary frequencies and diameters. We found that at low frequencies (<1 Hz), Ag/AgCl had lower overall magnitude impedance than Au and at higher frequencies (1–1000 Hz), Au and Ag/AgCl performed similarly. Further, the magnitude impedance of the electrodes decreased linearly as electrode diameter increased. The methodology described in this study can be applicable to any customizable stretchable electronics fabrication process and enables design optimization for a target frequency, electrode size, and material. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T19:01:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6e66f255f60846a2864d33b32d5cf31d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2688-4011 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T19:01:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Wiley-VCH |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nano Select |
| spelling | doaj.art-6e66f255f60846a2864d33b32d5cf31d2022-12-22T02:34:05ZengWiley-VCHNano Select2688-40112022-08-01381277128710.1002/nano.202100345Electrochemical performance study of Ag/AgCl and Au flexible electrodes for unobtrusive monitoring of human biopotentialsJonas F. Kurniawan0Alexis B. Allegra1Timothy Pham2Andrew K. L. Nguyen3Nathan L. J. Sit4Boris Tjhia5Andrew J. Shin6Todd P. Coleman7Material Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla California USADepartment of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla California USADepartment of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla California USADepartment of Physic, University of California San Diego, La Jolla California USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla California USADepartment of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla California USADepartment of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla California USADepartment of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla California USAAbstract Flexible and stretchable electronics are a logical choice for the recording of biopotentials, due to their improved patient comfort and customizability. There is, however, significant variance in the signal quality received from these electrodes based on material, size, and target recording frequency. Here we develop a methodology based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and circuit modeling for optimizing electrodes for a specific application. We use EIS to measure the frequency dependent impedance characteristics of gold (Au) and silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrodes of different diameters. Additionally, we use a Randles circuit model and perform model fitting with our data to extrapolate results to arbitrary frequencies and diameters. We found that at low frequencies (<1 Hz), Ag/AgCl had lower overall magnitude impedance than Au and at higher frequencies (1–1000 Hz), Au and Ag/AgCl performed similarly. Further, the magnitude impedance of the electrodes decreased linearly as electrode diameter increased. The methodology described in this study can be applicable to any customizable stretchable electronics fabrication process and enables design optimization for a target frequency, electrode size, and material.https://doi.org/10.1002/nano.202100345biopotentialelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)electrode arrayelectrophysiologyflexible electronics |
| spellingShingle | Jonas F. Kurniawan Alexis B. Allegra Timothy Pham Andrew K. L. Nguyen Nathan L. J. Sit Boris Tjhia Andrew J. Shin Todd P. Coleman Electrochemical performance study of Ag/AgCl and Au flexible electrodes for unobtrusive monitoring of human biopotentials Nano Select biopotential electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) electrode array electrophysiology flexible electronics |
| title | Electrochemical performance study of Ag/AgCl and Au flexible electrodes for unobtrusive monitoring of human biopotentials |
| title_full | Electrochemical performance study of Ag/AgCl and Au flexible electrodes for unobtrusive monitoring of human biopotentials |
| title_fullStr | Electrochemical performance study of Ag/AgCl and Au flexible electrodes for unobtrusive monitoring of human biopotentials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electrochemical performance study of Ag/AgCl and Au flexible electrodes for unobtrusive monitoring of human biopotentials |
| title_short | Electrochemical performance study of Ag/AgCl and Au flexible electrodes for unobtrusive monitoring of human biopotentials |
| title_sort | electrochemical performance study of ag agcl and au flexible electrodes for unobtrusive monitoring of human biopotentials |
| topic | biopotential electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) electrode array electrophysiology flexible electronics |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/nano.202100345 |
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