The Double Face of Ketamine—The Possibility of Its Identification in Blood and Beverages
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a high-sensitivity methodology for identifying one of the most used drugs—ketamine. Ketamine is used medicinally to treat depression, alcoholism, and heroin addiction. Moreover, ketamine is the main ingredient used in so-called “date-rape” pills...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/4/813 |
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| author | Magdalena Świądro Paweł Stelmaszczyk Irena Lenart Renata Wietecha-Posłuszny |
| author_facet | Magdalena Świądro Paweł Stelmaszczyk Irena Lenart Renata Wietecha-Posłuszny |
| author_sort | Magdalena Świądro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a high-sensitivity methodology for identifying one of the most used drugs—ketamine. Ketamine is used medicinally to treat depression, alcoholism, and heroin addiction. Moreover, ketamine is the main ingredient used in so-called “date-rape” pills (DRP). This study presents a novel methodology for the simultaneous determination of ketamine based on the Dried Blood Spot (DBS) method, in combination with capillary electrophoresis coupled with a mass spectrometer (CE-TOF-MS). Then, 6-mm circles were punched out from DBS collected on Whatman DMPK-C paper and extracted using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The assay was linear in the range of 25–300 ng/mL. Values of limits of detection (LOD = 6.0 ng/mL) and quantification (LOQ = 19.8 ng/mL) were determined based on the signal to noise ratio. Intra-day precision at each determined concentration level was in the range of 6.1–11.1%, and inter-day between 7.9–13.1%. The obtained precision was under 15.0% (for medium and high concentrations) and lower than 20.0% (for low concentrations), which are in accordance with acceptance criteria. Therefore, the DBS/MAE/CE-TOF-MS method was successfully checked for analysis of ketamine in matrices other than blood, i.e., rose wine and orange juice. Moreover, it is possible to identify ketamine in the presence of flunitrazepam, which is the other most popular ingredient used in DRP. Based on this information, the selectivity of the proposed methodology for identifying ketamine in the presence of other components of rape pills was checked. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:41:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6e687b7c9e874bee9063484755f9b30a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:41:11Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-6e687b7c9e874bee9063484755f9b30a2023-12-03T12:24:53ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-02-0126481310.3390/molecules26040813The Double Face of Ketamine—The Possibility of Its Identification in Blood and BeveragesMagdalena Świądro0Paweł Stelmaszczyk1Irena Lenart2Renata Wietecha-Posłuszny3Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, PolandLaboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, PolandLaboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, PolandLaboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, PolandThe purpose of this study was to develop and validate a high-sensitivity methodology for identifying one of the most used drugs—ketamine. Ketamine is used medicinally to treat depression, alcoholism, and heroin addiction. Moreover, ketamine is the main ingredient used in so-called “date-rape” pills (DRP). This study presents a novel methodology for the simultaneous determination of ketamine based on the Dried Blood Spot (DBS) method, in combination with capillary electrophoresis coupled with a mass spectrometer (CE-TOF-MS). Then, 6-mm circles were punched out from DBS collected on Whatman DMPK-C paper and extracted using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The assay was linear in the range of 25–300 ng/mL. Values of limits of detection (LOD = 6.0 ng/mL) and quantification (LOQ = 19.8 ng/mL) were determined based on the signal to noise ratio. Intra-day precision at each determined concentration level was in the range of 6.1–11.1%, and inter-day between 7.9–13.1%. The obtained precision was under 15.0% (for medium and high concentrations) and lower than 20.0% (for low concentrations), which are in accordance with acceptance criteria. Therefore, the DBS/MAE/CE-TOF-MS method was successfully checked for analysis of ketamine in matrices other than blood, i.e., rose wine and orange juice. Moreover, it is possible to identify ketamine in the presence of flunitrazepam, which is the other most popular ingredient used in DRP. Based on this information, the selectivity of the proposed methodology for identifying ketamine in the presence of other components of rape pills was checked.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/4/813dried blood spotketamineCE-TOF-MSdate-rape pills |
| spellingShingle | Magdalena Świądro Paweł Stelmaszczyk Irena Lenart Renata Wietecha-Posłuszny The Double Face of Ketamine—The Possibility of Its Identification in Blood and Beverages Molecules dried blood spot ketamine CE-TOF-MS date-rape pills |
| title | The Double Face of Ketamine—The Possibility of Its Identification in Blood and Beverages |
| title_full | The Double Face of Ketamine—The Possibility of Its Identification in Blood and Beverages |
| title_fullStr | The Double Face of Ketamine—The Possibility of Its Identification in Blood and Beverages |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Double Face of Ketamine—The Possibility of Its Identification in Blood and Beverages |
| title_short | The Double Face of Ketamine—The Possibility of Its Identification in Blood and Beverages |
| title_sort | double face of ketamine the possibility of its identification in blood and beverages |
| topic | dried blood spot ketamine CE-TOF-MS date-rape pills |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/4/813 |
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