Synergistic Interactions between Linalool and Some Antimycotic Agents against <i>Candida</i> spp. as a Basis for Developing New Antifungal Preparations
The incidence of superficial infections, including oral candidiasis, has recently increased significantly. Their treatment is quite difficult due to the growing resistance of <i>Candida</i> spp. to antifungal agents. Therefore, it is necessary to search for novel antimycotics or alternat...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/9/5686 |
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| author | Anna Biernasiuk Anna Malm |
| author_facet | Anna Biernasiuk Anna Malm |
| author_sort | Anna Biernasiuk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The incidence of superficial infections, including oral candidiasis, has recently increased significantly. Their treatment is quite difficult due to the growing resistance of <i>Candida</i> spp. to antifungal agents. Therefore, it is necessary to search for novel antimycotics or alternative antifungal therapies. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of natural terpene—linalool (LIN)—against both reference fungi belonging to yeasts and <i>Candida</i> spp. isolates from the oral cavities of immunocompromised, hemato-oncology patients. Moreover, its mechanism of action and interactions with selected antifungal drugs or antiseptics were investigated. The broth microdilution technique, ergosterol or sorbitol tests, and a checkerboard method were used for individual studies. The LIN showed potential activity toward studied strains of fungi with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the range of 0.5–8 mg/mL and fungicidal effect. This compound was also found to bind to ergosterol in the yeast cell membrane. Additionally, the interactions between LIN with antiseptics such as chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium, and triclosan showed beneficial synergistic effect (with FIC = 0.3125–0.375), or an additive effect with silver nitrate and chlorquinaldol (FIC = 0.625–1). Moreover, statistically significant differences in MIC values were found for the synergistic combinations of LIN. No interaction was indicated for nystatin. These results confirm that the LIN seems to be a promising plant component used alone or in combination with other antimycotics in the prevention and treatment of superficial fungal infections. However, further clinical trials are required. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:23:15Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-6e6e67d391a945fd85ef632e5d135f1c2023-11-17T22:37:23ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-05-01139568610.3390/app13095686Synergistic Interactions between Linalool and Some Antimycotic Agents against <i>Candida</i> spp. as a Basis for Developing New Antifungal PreparationsAnna Biernasiuk0Anna Malm1Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, PolandThe incidence of superficial infections, including oral candidiasis, has recently increased significantly. Their treatment is quite difficult due to the growing resistance of <i>Candida</i> spp. to antifungal agents. Therefore, it is necessary to search for novel antimycotics or alternative antifungal therapies. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of natural terpene—linalool (LIN)—against both reference fungi belonging to yeasts and <i>Candida</i> spp. isolates from the oral cavities of immunocompromised, hemato-oncology patients. Moreover, its mechanism of action and interactions with selected antifungal drugs or antiseptics were investigated. The broth microdilution technique, ergosterol or sorbitol tests, and a checkerboard method were used for individual studies. The LIN showed potential activity toward studied strains of fungi with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the range of 0.5–8 mg/mL and fungicidal effect. This compound was also found to bind to ergosterol in the yeast cell membrane. Additionally, the interactions between LIN with antiseptics such as chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium, and triclosan showed beneficial synergistic effect (with FIC = 0.3125–0.375), or an additive effect with silver nitrate and chlorquinaldol (FIC = 0.625–1). Moreover, statistically significant differences in MIC values were found for the synergistic combinations of LIN. No interaction was indicated for nystatin. These results confirm that the LIN seems to be a promising plant component used alone or in combination with other antimycotics in the prevention and treatment of superficial fungal infections. However, further clinical trials are required.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/9/5686linaloolsynergisminteractionmode of action<i>Candida</i> spp. |
| spellingShingle | Anna Biernasiuk Anna Malm Synergistic Interactions between Linalool and Some Antimycotic Agents against <i>Candida</i> spp. as a Basis for Developing New Antifungal Preparations Applied Sciences linalool synergism interaction mode of action <i>Candida</i> spp. |
| title | Synergistic Interactions between Linalool and Some Antimycotic Agents against <i>Candida</i> spp. as a Basis for Developing New Antifungal Preparations |
| title_full | Synergistic Interactions between Linalool and Some Antimycotic Agents against <i>Candida</i> spp. as a Basis for Developing New Antifungal Preparations |
| title_fullStr | Synergistic Interactions between Linalool and Some Antimycotic Agents against <i>Candida</i> spp. as a Basis for Developing New Antifungal Preparations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synergistic Interactions between Linalool and Some Antimycotic Agents against <i>Candida</i> spp. as a Basis for Developing New Antifungal Preparations |
| title_short | Synergistic Interactions between Linalool and Some Antimycotic Agents against <i>Candida</i> spp. as a Basis for Developing New Antifungal Preparations |
| title_sort | synergistic interactions between linalool and some antimycotic agents against i candida i spp as a basis for developing new antifungal preparations |
| topic | linalool synergism interaction mode of action <i>Candida</i> spp. |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/9/5686 |
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