Genetic variation and geographic distribution of Leishmania orientalis and Leishmania martiniquensis among Leishmania/HIV co-infection in Thailand
Abstract Since 1999, the number of asymptomatic leishmaniasis cases has increased continuously in Thailand, particularly among patients with HIV who are prone to develop symptoms of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis further. The asymptomatic infection could play a key role in Leishmania transmiss...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-50604-4 |
| _version_ | 1797371144739749888 |
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| author | Toon Ruang-areerate Panthita Ruang-areerate Jipada Manomat Tawee Naaglor Phunlerd Piyaraj Mathirut Mungthin Saovanee Leelayoova Suradej Siripattanapipong |
| author_facet | Toon Ruang-areerate Panthita Ruang-areerate Jipada Manomat Tawee Naaglor Phunlerd Piyaraj Mathirut Mungthin Saovanee Leelayoova Suradej Siripattanapipong |
| author_sort | Toon Ruang-areerate |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Since 1999, the number of asymptomatic leishmaniasis cases has increased continuously in Thailand, particularly among patients with HIV who are prone to develop symptoms of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis further. The asymptomatic infection could play a key role in Leishmania transmission and distribution. Understanding population structure and phylogeographic patterns could be crucially needed to develop effective diagnoses and appropriate guidelines for therapy. In this study, genetic variation and geographic distribution of the Leishmania/HIV co-infected population were investigated in endemic northern and southern Thailand. Interestingly, Leishmania orientalis was common and predominant in these two regions with common regional haplotype distribution but not for the others. Recent population expansion was estimated, probably due to the movement and migration of asymptomatic individuals; therefore, the transmission and prevalence of Leishmania infection could be underestimated. These findings of imbalanced population structure and phylogeographic distribution patterns provide valuable, insightful population structure and geographic distribution of Leishmania/HIV co-infection to empower prevention and control of transmission and expansion of asymptomatic leishmaniasis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T18:15:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6e6f7dedb5c34987806a3e52c6e213ba |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T18:15:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-6e6f7dedb5c34987806a3e52c6e213ba2023-12-31T12:10:08ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-12-0113111010.1038/s41598-023-50604-4Genetic variation and geographic distribution of Leishmania orientalis and Leishmania martiniquensis among Leishmania/HIV co-infection in ThailandToon Ruang-areerate0Panthita Ruang-areerate1Jipada Manomat2Tawee Naaglor3Phunlerd Piyaraj4Mathirut Mungthin5Saovanee Leelayoova6Suradej Siripattanapipong7Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of MedicineBIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA)Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol UniversityDepartment of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of MedicineDepartment of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of MedicineDepartment of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of MedicineDepartment of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of MedicineDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol UniversityAbstract Since 1999, the number of asymptomatic leishmaniasis cases has increased continuously in Thailand, particularly among patients with HIV who are prone to develop symptoms of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis further. The asymptomatic infection could play a key role in Leishmania transmission and distribution. Understanding population structure and phylogeographic patterns could be crucially needed to develop effective diagnoses and appropriate guidelines for therapy. In this study, genetic variation and geographic distribution of the Leishmania/HIV co-infected population were investigated in endemic northern and southern Thailand. Interestingly, Leishmania orientalis was common and predominant in these two regions with common regional haplotype distribution but not for the others. Recent population expansion was estimated, probably due to the movement and migration of asymptomatic individuals; therefore, the transmission and prevalence of Leishmania infection could be underestimated. These findings of imbalanced population structure and phylogeographic distribution patterns provide valuable, insightful population structure and geographic distribution of Leishmania/HIV co-infection to empower prevention and control of transmission and expansion of asymptomatic leishmaniasis.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-50604-4 |
| spellingShingle | Toon Ruang-areerate Panthita Ruang-areerate Jipada Manomat Tawee Naaglor Phunlerd Piyaraj Mathirut Mungthin Saovanee Leelayoova Suradej Siripattanapipong Genetic variation and geographic distribution of Leishmania orientalis and Leishmania martiniquensis among Leishmania/HIV co-infection in Thailand Scientific Reports |
| title | Genetic variation and geographic distribution of Leishmania orientalis and Leishmania martiniquensis among Leishmania/HIV co-infection in Thailand |
| title_full | Genetic variation and geographic distribution of Leishmania orientalis and Leishmania martiniquensis among Leishmania/HIV co-infection in Thailand |
| title_fullStr | Genetic variation and geographic distribution of Leishmania orientalis and Leishmania martiniquensis among Leishmania/HIV co-infection in Thailand |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetic variation and geographic distribution of Leishmania orientalis and Leishmania martiniquensis among Leishmania/HIV co-infection in Thailand |
| title_short | Genetic variation and geographic distribution of Leishmania orientalis and Leishmania martiniquensis among Leishmania/HIV co-infection in Thailand |
| title_sort | genetic variation and geographic distribution of leishmania orientalis and leishmania martiniquensis among leishmania hiv co infection in thailand |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-50604-4 |
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