A Genome-Wide Identification Study Reveals That <i>HmoCYP76AD1</i>, <i>HmoDODA</i><i>α1</i> and <i>HmocDOPA5GT</i> Involved in Betalain Biosynthesis in <i>Hylocereus</i>
Betalains are water-soluble nitrogen-containing pigments with multiple bioactivities. Pitayas are the only at large-scale commercially grown fruit containing abundant betalains for consumers. Currently, the key genes involved in betalain biosynthesis remain to be fully elucidated. Moreover, genome-w...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Genes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/12/1858 |
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| author | Qingzhu Hua Canbin Chen Fangfang Xie Zhike Zhang Rong Zhang Jietang Zhao Guibing Hu Yonghua Qin |
| author_facet | Qingzhu Hua Canbin Chen Fangfang Xie Zhike Zhang Rong Zhang Jietang Zhao Guibing Hu Yonghua Qin |
| author_sort | Qingzhu Hua |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Betalains are water-soluble nitrogen-containing pigments with multiple bioactivities. Pitayas are the only at large-scale commercially grown fruit containing abundant betalains for consumers. Currently, the key genes involved in betalain biosynthesis remain to be fully elucidated. Moreover, genome-wide analyses of these genes in betalain biosynthesis are not available in betalain-producing plant species. In this study, totally 53 genes related to betalain biosynthesis were identified from the genome data of <i>Hylocereus undatus</i>. Four candidate genes i.e., one cytochrome P-450 R gene (<i>HmoCYP76AD1</i>), two L-DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase genes (<i>HmoDODAα1</i> and <i>HmoDODAα2</i>), and one cyclo-DOPA 5-O glucosyltransferase gene (<i>HmocDOPA5GT</i>) were initially screened according to bioinformatics and qRT-PCR analyses. Silencing <i>HmoCYP76AD1</i>, <i>HmoDODA</i><i>α1</i>, <i>HmoDODA</i><i>α2</i> or <i>HmocDOPA5GT</i> resulted in loss of red pigment. <i>HmoDODA</i><i>α1</i> displayed a high level of L-DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase activity to produce betalamic acid and formed yellow betaxanthin. Co-expression of <i>HmoCYP76AD1</i>, <i>HmoDODAα1</i> and <i>HmocDOPA5GT</i> in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> and yeast resulted in high abundance of betalain pigments with a red color. These results suggested that <i>HmoCYP76AD1</i>, <i>HmoDODAα1</i>, and <i>HmocDOPA5GT</i> play key roles in betalain biosynthesis in <i>Hylocereus</i>. The results of the present study provide novel genes for molecular breeding programs of pitaya. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-6e718bc888da4ba48b22e415c536bed92023-11-23T08:29:29ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252021-11-011212185810.3390/genes12121858A Genome-Wide Identification Study Reveals That <i>HmoCYP76AD1</i>, <i>HmoDODA</i><i>α1</i> and <i>HmocDOPA5GT</i> Involved in Betalain Biosynthesis in <i>Hylocereus</i>Qingzhu Hua0Canbin Chen1Fangfang Xie2Zhike Zhang3Rong Zhang4Jietang Zhao5Guibing Hu6Yonghua Qin7Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaBetalains are water-soluble nitrogen-containing pigments with multiple bioactivities. Pitayas are the only at large-scale commercially grown fruit containing abundant betalains for consumers. Currently, the key genes involved in betalain biosynthesis remain to be fully elucidated. Moreover, genome-wide analyses of these genes in betalain biosynthesis are not available in betalain-producing plant species. In this study, totally 53 genes related to betalain biosynthesis were identified from the genome data of <i>Hylocereus undatus</i>. Four candidate genes i.e., one cytochrome P-450 R gene (<i>HmoCYP76AD1</i>), two L-DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase genes (<i>HmoDODAα1</i> and <i>HmoDODAα2</i>), and one cyclo-DOPA 5-O glucosyltransferase gene (<i>HmocDOPA5GT</i>) were initially screened according to bioinformatics and qRT-PCR analyses. Silencing <i>HmoCYP76AD1</i>, <i>HmoDODA</i><i>α1</i>, <i>HmoDODA</i><i>α2</i> or <i>HmocDOPA5GT</i> resulted in loss of red pigment. <i>HmoDODA</i><i>α1</i> displayed a high level of L-DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase activity to produce betalamic acid and formed yellow betaxanthin. Co-expression of <i>HmoCYP76AD1</i>, <i>HmoDODAα1</i> and <i>HmocDOPA5GT</i> in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> and yeast resulted in high abundance of betalain pigments with a red color. These results suggested that <i>HmoCYP76AD1</i>, <i>HmoDODAα1</i>, and <i>HmocDOPA5GT</i> play key roles in betalain biosynthesis in <i>Hylocereus</i>. The results of the present study provide novel genes for molecular breeding programs of pitaya.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/12/1858pitayabetalain biosynthesisgenome-wide identification<i>HmoCYP76AD1</i><i>HmoDODAα1</i><i>HmocDOPA5GT</i> |
| spellingShingle | Qingzhu Hua Canbin Chen Fangfang Xie Zhike Zhang Rong Zhang Jietang Zhao Guibing Hu Yonghua Qin A Genome-Wide Identification Study Reveals That <i>HmoCYP76AD1</i>, <i>HmoDODA</i><i>α1</i> and <i>HmocDOPA5GT</i> Involved in Betalain Biosynthesis in <i>Hylocereus</i> Genes pitaya betalain biosynthesis genome-wide identification <i>HmoCYP76AD1</i> <i>HmoDODAα1</i> <i>HmocDOPA5GT</i> |
| title | A Genome-Wide Identification Study Reveals That <i>HmoCYP76AD1</i>, <i>HmoDODA</i><i>α1</i> and <i>HmocDOPA5GT</i> Involved in Betalain Biosynthesis in <i>Hylocereus</i> |
| title_full | A Genome-Wide Identification Study Reveals That <i>HmoCYP76AD1</i>, <i>HmoDODA</i><i>α1</i> and <i>HmocDOPA5GT</i> Involved in Betalain Biosynthesis in <i>Hylocereus</i> |
| title_fullStr | A Genome-Wide Identification Study Reveals That <i>HmoCYP76AD1</i>, <i>HmoDODA</i><i>α1</i> and <i>HmocDOPA5GT</i> Involved in Betalain Biosynthesis in <i>Hylocereus</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Genome-Wide Identification Study Reveals That <i>HmoCYP76AD1</i>, <i>HmoDODA</i><i>α1</i> and <i>HmocDOPA5GT</i> Involved in Betalain Biosynthesis in <i>Hylocereus</i> |
| title_short | A Genome-Wide Identification Study Reveals That <i>HmoCYP76AD1</i>, <i>HmoDODA</i><i>α1</i> and <i>HmocDOPA5GT</i> Involved in Betalain Biosynthesis in <i>Hylocereus</i> |
| title_sort | genome wide identification study reveals that i hmocyp76ad1 i i hmododa i i α1 i and i hmocdopa5gt i involved in betalain biosynthesis in i hylocereus i |
| topic | pitaya betalain biosynthesis genome-wide identification <i>HmoCYP76AD1</i> <i>HmoDODAα1</i> <i>HmocDOPA5GT</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/12/1858 |
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