Assessment of soil heavy metal pollution and associated ecological risk of agriculture dominated mid-channel bars in a subtropical river basin
Abstract The elevated concentrations of heavy metals in soil considerably threaten ecological and human health. To this end, the present study assesses metals pollution and its threat to ecology from the mid-channel bar’s (char) agricultural soil in the Damodar River basin, India. For this, the cont...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-38058-0 |
| _version_ | 1797778981063229440 |
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| author | Md. Mofizul Hoque Aznarul Islam Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam Subodh Chandra Pal Sadik Mahammad Edris Alam |
| author_facet | Md. Mofizul Hoque Aznarul Islam Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam Subodh Chandra Pal Sadik Mahammad Edris Alam |
| author_sort | Md. Mofizul Hoque |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The elevated concentrations of heavy metals in soil considerably threaten ecological and human health. To this end, the present study assesses metals pollution and its threat to ecology from the mid-channel bar’s (char) agricultural soil in the Damodar River basin, India. For this, the contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), pollution index, and ecological risk index (RI) were measured on 60 soil samples at 30 stations (2 from each station, i.e., surface and sub-surface) in different parts of the mid-channel bar. The CF and EF indicate that both levels of char soil have low contamination and hence portray a higher potential for future enrichment by heavy metals. Moreover, Igeo portrays that soil samples are uncontaminated to moderately contaminated. Further, pollution indices indicate that all the samples (both levels) are unpolluted with a mean of 0.062 for surface soils and 0.048 for sub-surface soils. Both levels of the char have a low potentiality for ecological risk with an average RI of 0.20 for the surface soils and 0.19 for the sub-surface soils. Moreover, Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) indicates that the sub-surface soils have lower pollution than the surface soils. The geostatistical modeling reveals that the simple kriging technique was estimated as the most appropriate interpolation model. The present investigation exhibits that reduced heavy metal pollution is due to the sandy nature of soils and frequent flooding. However, the limited pollution is revealed due to the intensive agricultural practices on riverine chars. Therefore, this would be helpful to regional planners, agricultural engineers, and stakeholders in a basin area. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T23:24:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6e7740f6a9814a6fb98cc631c51f95a9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T23:24:17Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-6e7740f6a9814a6fb98cc631c51f95a92023-07-16T11:14:11ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-07-0113111910.1038/s41598-023-38058-0Assessment of soil heavy metal pollution and associated ecological risk of agriculture dominated mid-channel bars in a subtropical river basinMd. Mofizul Hoque0Aznarul Islam1Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam2Subodh Chandra Pal3Sadik Mahammad4Edris Alam5Department of Geography, Aliah UniversityDepartment of Geography, Aliah UniversityDepartment of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya UniversityDepartment of Geography, The University of BurdwanDepartment of Geography, Aliah UniversityFaculty of Resilience, Rabdan AcademyAbstract The elevated concentrations of heavy metals in soil considerably threaten ecological and human health. To this end, the present study assesses metals pollution and its threat to ecology from the mid-channel bar’s (char) agricultural soil in the Damodar River basin, India. For this, the contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), pollution index, and ecological risk index (RI) were measured on 60 soil samples at 30 stations (2 from each station, i.e., surface and sub-surface) in different parts of the mid-channel bar. The CF and EF indicate that both levels of char soil have low contamination and hence portray a higher potential for future enrichment by heavy metals. Moreover, Igeo portrays that soil samples are uncontaminated to moderately contaminated. Further, pollution indices indicate that all the samples (both levels) are unpolluted with a mean of 0.062 for surface soils and 0.048 for sub-surface soils. Both levels of the char have a low potentiality for ecological risk with an average RI of 0.20 for the surface soils and 0.19 for the sub-surface soils. Moreover, Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) indicates that the sub-surface soils have lower pollution than the surface soils. The geostatistical modeling reveals that the simple kriging technique was estimated as the most appropriate interpolation model. The present investigation exhibits that reduced heavy metal pollution is due to the sandy nature of soils and frequent flooding. However, the limited pollution is revealed due to the intensive agricultural practices on riverine chars. Therefore, this would be helpful to regional planners, agricultural engineers, and stakeholders in a basin area.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-38058-0 |
| spellingShingle | Md. Mofizul Hoque Aznarul Islam Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam Subodh Chandra Pal Sadik Mahammad Edris Alam Assessment of soil heavy metal pollution and associated ecological risk of agriculture dominated mid-channel bars in a subtropical river basin Scientific Reports |
| title | Assessment of soil heavy metal pollution and associated ecological risk of agriculture dominated mid-channel bars in a subtropical river basin |
| title_full | Assessment of soil heavy metal pollution and associated ecological risk of agriculture dominated mid-channel bars in a subtropical river basin |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of soil heavy metal pollution and associated ecological risk of agriculture dominated mid-channel bars in a subtropical river basin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of soil heavy metal pollution and associated ecological risk of agriculture dominated mid-channel bars in a subtropical river basin |
| title_short | Assessment of soil heavy metal pollution and associated ecological risk of agriculture dominated mid-channel bars in a subtropical river basin |
| title_sort | assessment of soil heavy metal pollution and associated ecological risk of agriculture dominated mid channel bars in a subtropical river basin |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-38058-0 |
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