Dynamics of micronutrients of fresh and stale tomatoes (lycopersicum esculentum) sold within Umuahia metropolis in Nigeria as a function of handling practices
AbstractTomatoes are soft tissue perishable fruits high susceptible to bruises during loading, transportation, unloading, and retailing which lead to their deterioration and nutrient losses. This study explored the micronutrient changes in the fresh (whole) and stale (nkuwa) tomatoes during loading,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Cogent Food & Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/23311932.2023.2275404 |
| _version_ | 1797302000801546240 |
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| author | Innocent Nwazulu Okwunodulu Sara Chidimma Ozioko Felicia Uchechukwu Okwunodulu V. C. Ezeocha |
| author_facet | Innocent Nwazulu Okwunodulu Sara Chidimma Ozioko Felicia Uchechukwu Okwunodulu V. C. Ezeocha |
| author_sort | Innocent Nwazulu Okwunodulu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | AbstractTomatoes are soft tissue perishable fruits high susceptible to bruises during loading, transportation, unloading, and retailing which lead to their deterioration and nutrient losses. This study explored the micronutrient changes in the fresh (whole) and stale (nkuwa) tomatoes during loading, transportation, unloading, distribution and retail sales in the three major retail market outlets in Umuahia metropolis with standard methods of analyses. The results of micronutrients (pro-vitamin A, vitamins B1, B2, B3 and C, calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc, sodium and iron) evaluated revealed significant (p < 0.05) decrease for the entire stale tomato samples compared to their whole counterparts. With increase in distance from the landing bay, pro-vitamin A (β carotene) (598.36–579.64 µg/100 g), B1 (0.07–0.04 mg/100 g), B2 (0.05–0.03 mg/100 g), B3 (0.97–0.87 mg/100 g) and vitamin C (20.14–19.29 mg/100 g) decreased. Also the minerals (mg/100 g), calcium (16.15–15.77), potassium (409.71–409.62), magnesium (19.45–18.73), sodium (8.77–8.74), iron (0.42–0/35) and zinc (0.33–0.29) decreased. Micronutrient losses increased with increase in handling practices from the landing bay till it gets to the end users. Long-distance tomato transportation should be on smooth roads in the night inside rigid plastic crates to reduce bruises. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T23:30:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6e81d0ad33334a84b6c0d47629c27c31 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2331-1932 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T23:30:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cogent Food & Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-6e81d0ad33334a84b6c0d47629c27c312024-02-20T15:14:24ZengTaylor & Francis GroupCogent Food & Agriculture2331-19322023-12-019210.1080/23311932.2023.2275404Dynamics of micronutrients of fresh and stale tomatoes (lycopersicum esculentum) sold within Umuahia metropolis in Nigeria as a function of handling practicesInnocent Nwazulu Okwunodulu0Sara Chidimma Ozioko1Felicia Uchechukwu Okwunodulu2V. C. Ezeocha3Department of Food Science and Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, NigeriaDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, NigeriaChemistry Department, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, NigeriaDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, NigeriaAbstractTomatoes are soft tissue perishable fruits high susceptible to bruises during loading, transportation, unloading, and retailing which lead to their deterioration and nutrient losses. This study explored the micronutrient changes in the fresh (whole) and stale (nkuwa) tomatoes during loading, transportation, unloading, distribution and retail sales in the three major retail market outlets in Umuahia metropolis with standard methods of analyses. The results of micronutrients (pro-vitamin A, vitamins B1, B2, B3 and C, calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc, sodium and iron) evaluated revealed significant (p < 0.05) decrease for the entire stale tomato samples compared to their whole counterparts. With increase in distance from the landing bay, pro-vitamin A (β carotene) (598.36–579.64 µg/100 g), B1 (0.07–0.04 mg/100 g), B2 (0.05–0.03 mg/100 g), B3 (0.97–0.87 mg/100 g) and vitamin C (20.14–19.29 mg/100 g) decreased. Also the minerals (mg/100 g), calcium (16.15–15.77), potassium (409.71–409.62), magnesium (19.45–18.73), sodium (8.77–8.74), iron (0.42–0/35) and zinc (0.33–0.29) decreased. Micronutrient losses increased with increase in handling practices from the landing bay till it gets to the end users. Long-distance tomato transportation should be on smooth roads in the night inside rigid plastic crates to reduce bruises.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/23311932.2023.2275404Micronutrientsfresh tomatoesstale tomatoeshandling practicesUmuahia metropolis |
| spellingShingle | Innocent Nwazulu Okwunodulu Sara Chidimma Ozioko Felicia Uchechukwu Okwunodulu V. C. Ezeocha Dynamics of micronutrients of fresh and stale tomatoes (lycopersicum esculentum) sold within Umuahia metropolis in Nigeria as a function of handling practices Cogent Food & Agriculture Micronutrients fresh tomatoes stale tomatoes handling practices Umuahia metropolis |
| title | Dynamics of micronutrients of fresh and stale tomatoes (lycopersicum esculentum) sold within Umuahia metropolis in Nigeria as a function of handling practices |
| title_full | Dynamics of micronutrients of fresh and stale tomatoes (lycopersicum esculentum) sold within Umuahia metropolis in Nigeria as a function of handling practices |
| title_fullStr | Dynamics of micronutrients of fresh and stale tomatoes (lycopersicum esculentum) sold within Umuahia metropolis in Nigeria as a function of handling practices |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dynamics of micronutrients of fresh and stale tomatoes (lycopersicum esculentum) sold within Umuahia metropolis in Nigeria as a function of handling practices |
| title_short | Dynamics of micronutrients of fresh and stale tomatoes (lycopersicum esculentum) sold within Umuahia metropolis in Nigeria as a function of handling practices |
| title_sort | dynamics of micronutrients of fresh and stale tomatoes lycopersicum esculentum sold within umuahia metropolis in nigeria as a function of handling practices |
| topic | Micronutrients fresh tomatoes stale tomatoes handling practices Umuahia metropolis |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/23311932.2023.2275404 |
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