The physiological effect of early pregnancy on a woman’s response to a submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise test
Abstract Given all its systemic adaptive requirements, pregnancy shares several features with physical exercise. In this pilot study, we aimed to assess the physiological response to submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in early pregnancy. In 20 healthy, pregnant women (<13 weeks ge...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2020-11-01
|
| Series: | Physiological Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14624 |
| _version_ | 1818188571184463872 |
|---|---|
| author | Rianne C. Bijl Jérôme M. J. Cornette Kim van derHam Merle L. deZwart Dinis Dos Reis Miranda Régine P. M. Steegers‐Theunissen Arie Franx Jeroen Molinger M. P. H. (Wendy) Koster |
| author_facet | Rianne C. Bijl Jérôme M. J. Cornette Kim van derHam Merle L. deZwart Dinis Dos Reis Miranda Régine P. M. Steegers‐Theunissen Arie Franx Jeroen Molinger M. P. H. (Wendy) Koster |
| author_sort | Rianne C. Bijl |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Given all its systemic adaptive requirements, pregnancy shares several features with physical exercise. In this pilot study, we aimed to assess the physiological response to submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in early pregnancy. In 20 healthy, pregnant women (<13 weeks gestation) and 20 healthy, non‐pregnant women, we performed a CPET with stationary cycling during a RAMP protocol until 70% of the estimated maximum heart rate (HR) of each participant. Hemodynamic and respiratory parameters were non‐invasively monitored by impedance cardiography (PhysioFlow®) and a breath‐by‐breath analyzer (OxyconTM). To compare both groups, we used linear regression analysis, adjusted for age. We observed a similar response of stroke volume, cardiac output (CO) and HR to stationary cycling in pregnant and non‐pregnant women, but a slightly lower 1‐min recovery rate of CO (−3.9 [−5.5;‐2.3] vs. −6.6 [−8.2;‐5.1] L min−1 min−1; p = .058) and HR (−38 [−47; −28] vs. −53 [−62; −44] bpm/min; p = .065) in pregnant women. We also observed a larger increase in ventilation before the ventilatory threshold (+6.2 [5.4; 7.0] vs. +3.2 [2.4; 3.9] L min−1 min−1; p < .001), lower PETCO2 values at the ventilatory threshold (33 [31; 34] vs. 36 [34; 38] mmHg; p = .042) and a larger increase of breathing frequency after the ventilatory threshold (+4.6 [2.8; 6.4] vs. +0.6 [−1.1; 2.3] breaths min−1 min−1; p = .015) in pregnant women. In conclusion, we observed a slower hemodynamic recovery and an increased ventilatory response to exercise in early pregnancy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T23:29:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6e836d10107d45f8821d04b76e47aedf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2051-817X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T23:29:02Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Physiological Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-6e836d10107d45f8821d04b76e47aedf2022-12-22T00:46:05ZengWileyPhysiological Reports2051-817X2020-11-01821n/an/a10.14814/phy2.14624The physiological effect of early pregnancy on a woman’s response to a submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise testRianne C. Bijl0Jérôme M. J. Cornette1Kim van derHam2Merle L. deZwart3Dinis Dos Reis Miranda4Régine P. M. Steegers‐Theunissen5Arie Franx6Jeroen Molinger7M. P. H. (Wendy) Koster8Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Centre Rotterdam The NetherlandsDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Centre Rotterdam The NetherlandsDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Centre Rotterdam The NetherlandsDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Centre Rotterdam The NetherlandsDepartment of Intensive Care Adults Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Centre Rotterdam The NetherlandsDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Centre Rotterdam The NetherlandsDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Centre Rotterdam The NetherlandsDepartment of Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine Human Physiology and Pharmacology Lab (HPPL) Duke University Medical Centre Durham NC USADepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Centre Rotterdam The NetherlandsAbstract Given all its systemic adaptive requirements, pregnancy shares several features with physical exercise. In this pilot study, we aimed to assess the physiological response to submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in early pregnancy. In 20 healthy, pregnant women (<13 weeks gestation) and 20 healthy, non‐pregnant women, we performed a CPET with stationary cycling during a RAMP protocol until 70% of the estimated maximum heart rate (HR) of each participant. Hemodynamic and respiratory parameters were non‐invasively monitored by impedance cardiography (PhysioFlow®) and a breath‐by‐breath analyzer (OxyconTM). To compare both groups, we used linear regression analysis, adjusted for age. We observed a similar response of stroke volume, cardiac output (CO) and HR to stationary cycling in pregnant and non‐pregnant women, but a slightly lower 1‐min recovery rate of CO (−3.9 [−5.5;‐2.3] vs. −6.6 [−8.2;‐5.1] L min−1 min−1; p = .058) and HR (−38 [−47; −28] vs. −53 [−62; −44] bpm/min; p = .065) in pregnant women. We also observed a larger increase in ventilation before the ventilatory threshold (+6.2 [5.4; 7.0] vs. +3.2 [2.4; 3.9] L min−1 min−1; p < .001), lower PETCO2 values at the ventilatory threshold (33 [31; 34] vs. 36 [34; 38] mmHg; p = .042) and a larger increase of breathing frequency after the ventilatory threshold (+4.6 [2.8; 6.4] vs. +0.6 [−1.1; 2.3] breaths min−1 min−1; p = .015) in pregnant women. In conclusion, we observed a slower hemodynamic recovery and an increased ventilatory response to exercise in early pregnancy.https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14624breath‐by‐breath analysiscardiopulmonary exercise testimpedance cardiographypregnancyventilatory threshold |
| spellingShingle | Rianne C. Bijl Jérôme M. J. Cornette Kim van derHam Merle L. deZwart Dinis Dos Reis Miranda Régine P. M. Steegers‐Theunissen Arie Franx Jeroen Molinger M. P. H. (Wendy) Koster The physiological effect of early pregnancy on a woman’s response to a submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise test Physiological Reports breath‐by‐breath analysis cardiopulmonary exercise test impedance cardiography pregnancy ventilatory threshold |
| title | The physiological effect of early pregnancy on a woman’s response to a submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise test |
| title_full | The physiological effect of early pregnancy on a woman’s response to a submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise test |
| title_fullStr | The physiological effect of early pregnancy on a woman’s response to a submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise test |
| title_full_unstemmed | The physiological effect of early pregnancy on a woman’s response to a submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise test |
| title_short | The physiological effect of early pregnancy on a woman’s response to a submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise test |
| title_sort | physiological effect of early pregnancy on a woman s response to a submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise test |
| topic | breath‐by‐breath analysis cardiopulmonary exercise test impedance cardiography pregnancy ventilatory threshold |
| url | https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14624 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT riannecbijl thephysiologicaleffectofearlypregnancyonawomansresponsetoasubmaximalcardiopulmonaryexercisetest AT jeromemjcornette thephysiologicaleffectofearlypregnancyonawomansresponsetoasubmaximalcardiopulmonaryexercisetest AT kimvanderham thephysiologicaleffectofearlypregnancyonawomansresponsetoasubmaximalcardiopulmonaryexercisetest AT merleldezwart thephysiologicaleffectofearlypregnancyonawomansresponsetoasubmaximalcardiopulmonaryexercisetest AT dinisdosreismiranda thephysiologicaleffectofearlypregnancyonawomansresponsetoasubmaximalcardiopulmonaryexercisetest AT reginepmsteegerstheunissen thephysiologicaleffectofearlypregnancyonawomansresponsetoasubmaximalcardiopulmonaryexercisetest AT ariefranx thephysiologicaleffectofearlypregnancyonawomansresponsetoasubmaximalcardiopulmonaryexercisetest AT jeroenmolinger thephysiologicaleffectofearlypregnancyonawomansresponsetoasubmaximalcardiopulmonaryexercisetest AT mphwendykoster thephysiologicaleffectofearlypregnancyonawomansresponsetoasubmaximalcardiopulmonaryexercisetest AT riannecbijl physiologicaleffectofearlypregnancyonawomansresponsetoasubmaximalcardiopulmonaryexercisetest AT jeromemjcornette physiologicaleffectofearlypregnancyonawomansresponsetoasubmaximalcardiopulmonaryexercisetest AT kimvanderham physiologicaleffectofearlypregnancyonawomansresponsetoasubmaximalcardiopulmonaryexercisetest AT merleldezwart physiologicaleffectofearlypregnancyonawomansresponsetoasubmaximalcardiopulmonaryexercisetest AT dinisdosreismiranda physiologicaleffectofearlypregnancyonawomansresponsetoasubmaximalcardiopulmonaryexercisetest AT reginepmsteegerstheunissen physiologicaleffectofearlypregnancyonawomansresponsetoasubmaximalcardiopulmonaryexercisetest AT ariefranx physiologicaleffectofearlypregnancyonawomansresponsetoasubmaximalcardiopulmonaryexercisetest AT jeroenmolinger physiologicaleffectofearlypregnancyonawomansresponsetoasubmaximalcardiopulmonaryexercisetest AT mphwendykoster physiologicaleffectofearlypregnancyonawomansresponsetoasubmaximalcardiopulmonaryexercisetest |