Essential Oil Extraction, Chemical Analysis and Anti-Candida Activity of Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi subsp. glandulosa (Req.) Ball—New Approaches
A comprehensive study on essential oils extracted from different Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi subsp. glandulosa (Req.) Ball samples from Tarquinia (Italy) is reported. In this study, the 24-h steam distillation procedure for essential oil preparation, in terms of different harvesting and extraction t...
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MDPI AG
2017-01-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/2/203 |
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| author | Mijat Božović Stefania Garzoli Manuela Sabatino Federico Pepi Anna Baldisserotto Elisa Andreotti Carlo Romagnoli Antonello Mai Stefano Manfredini Rino Ragno |
| author_facet | Mijat Božović Stefania Garzoli Manuela Sabatino Federico Pepi Anna Baldisserotto Elisa Andreotti Carlo Romagnoli Antonello Mai Stefano Manfredini Rino Ragno |
| author_sort | Mijat Božović |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A comprehensive study on essential oils extracted from different Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi subsp. glandulosa (Req.) Ball samples from Tarquinia (Italy) is reported. In this study, the 24-h steam distillation procedure for essential oil preparation, in terms of different harvesting and extraction times, was applied. The Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis showed that C. nepeta (L.) Savi subsp. glandulosa (Req.) Ball essential oils from Tarquinia belong to the pulegone-rich chemotype. The analysis of 44 samples revealed that along with pulegone, some other chemicals may participate in exerting the related antifungal activity. The results indicated that for higher activity, the essential oils should be produced with at least a 6-h steam distillation process. Even though it is not so dependent on the period of harvesting, it could be recommended not to harvest the plant in the fruiting stage, since no significant antifungal effect was shown. The maximum essential oil yield was obtained in August, with the highest pulegone percentage. To obtain the oil with a higher content of menthone, September and October should be considered as the optimal periods. Regarding the extraction duration, vegetative stage material gives the oil in the first 3 h, while material from the reproductive phase should be extracted at least at 6 or even 12 h. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T14:04:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6e87c0bb3b2a40bdad3fb7bbab2e91ae |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T14:04:06Z |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-6e87c0bb3b2a40bdad3fb7bbab2e91ae2022-12-22T00:22:16ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492017-01-0122220310.3390/molecules22020203molecules22020203Essential Oil Extraction, Chemical Analysis and Anti-Candida Activity of Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi subsp. glandulosa (Req.) Ball—New ApproachesMijat Božović0Stefania Garzoli1Manuela Sabatino2Federico Pepi3Anna Baldisserotto4Elisa Andreotti5Carlo Romagnoli6Antonello Mai7Stefano Manfredini8Rino Ragno9Rome Center for Molecular Design, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyRome Center for Molecular Design, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Heath Products, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyDepartment of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Viale Caduti in Guerra 127, 41121 Modena, ItalyDepartment of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Viale Caduti in Guerra 127, 41121 Modena, ItalyDepartment of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Heath Products, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyRome Center for Molecular Design, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyA comprehensive study on essential oils extracted from different Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi subsp. glandulosa (Req.) Ball samples from Tarquinia (Italy) is reported. In this study, the 24-h steam distillation procedure for essential oil preparation, in terms of different harvesting and extraction times, was applied. The Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis showed that C. nepeta (L.) Savi subsp. glandulosa (Req.) Ball essential oils from Tarquinia belong to the pulegone-rich chemotype. The analysis of 44 samples revealed that along with pulegone, some other chemicals may participate in exerting the related antifungal activity. The results indicated that for higher activity, the essential oils should be produced with at least a 6-h steam distillation process. Even though it is not so dependent on the period of harvesting, it could be recommended not to harvest the plant in the fruiting stage, since no significant antifungal effect was shown. The maximum essential oil yield was obtained in August, with the highest pulegone percentage. To obtain the oil with a higher content of menthone, September and October should be considered as the optimal periods. Regarding the extraction duration, vegetative stage material gives the oil in the first 3 h, while material from the reproductive phase should be extracted at least at 6 or even 12 h.http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/2/203Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi subsp. glandulosa (Req.) Ball24-h steam distillationGC/MSessential oilsanti-Candida activitypulegonementhone |
| spellingShingle | Mijat Božović Stefania Garzoli Manuela Sabatino Federico Pepi Anna Baldisserotto Elisa Andreotti Carlo Romagnoli Antonello Mai Stefano Manfredini Rino Ragno Essential Oil Extraction, Chemical Analysis and Anti-Candida Activity of Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi subsp. glandulosa (Req.) Ball—New Approaches Molecules Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi subsp. glandulosa (Req.) Ball 24-h steam distillation GC/MS essential oils anti-Candida activity pulegone menthone |
| title | Essential Oil Extraction, Chemical Analysis and Anti-Candida Activity of Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi subsp. glandulosa (Req.) Ball—New Approaches |
| title_full | Essential Oil Extraction, Chemical Analysis and Anti-Candida Activity of Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi subsp. glandulosa (Req.) Ball—New Approaches |
| title_fullStr | Essential Oil Extraction, Chemical Analysis and Anti-Candida Activity of Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi subsp. glandulosa (Req.) Ball—New Approaches |
| title_full_unstemmed | Essential Oil Extraction, Chemical Analysis and Anti-Candida Activity of Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi subsp. glandulosa (Req.) Ball—New Approaches |
| title_short | Essential Oil Extraction, Chemical Analysis and Anti-Candida Activity of Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi subsp. glandulosa (Req.) Ball—New Approaches |
| title_sort | essential oil extraction chemical analysis and anti candida activity of calamintha nepeta l savi subsp glandulosa req ball new approaches |
| topic | Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi subsp. glandulosa (Req.) Ball 24-h steam distillation GC/MS essential oils anti-Candida activity pulegone menthone |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/2/203 |
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