Flash Sintered Potassium Sodium Niobate: High-Performance Piezoelectric Ceramics at Low Thermal Budget Processing
Alternative sintering technologies promise to overcome issues associated with conventional ceramic sintering such as high thermal budgets and CO<sub>2</sub> footprint. The sintering process becomes even more relevant for alkali-based piezoelectric ceramics such as K<sub>0.5</sub...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/19/6603 |
| _version_ | 1797478407558135808 |
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| author | Ricardo Serrazina Alexander Tkach Luis Pereira Ana M. O. R. Senos Paula M. Vilarinho |
| author_facet | Ricardo Serrazina Alexander Tkach Luis Pereira Ana M. O. R. Senos Paula M. Vilarinho |
| author_sort | Ricardo Serrazina |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Alternative sintering technologies promise to overcome issues associated with conventional ceramic sintering such as high thermal budgets and CO<sub>2</sub> footprint. The sintering process becomes even more relevant for alkali-based piezoelectric ceramics such as K<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>NbO<sub>3</sub> (KNN) typically fired above 1100 °C for several hours that induces secondary phase formation and, thereby, degrades their electrical characteristics. Here, an ability of KNN ceramics to be of high performance is successfully demonstrated, using an electric field- and current-assisted Flash sintering technique at 900 °C only. Reported for the first time, Flash sintered KNN ceramics have room-temperature remnant polarization P<sub>r</sub> = 21 μC/cm<sup>2</sup> and longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient d<sub>33</sub> = 117 pC/N, slightly superior to that of conventional ones due to the reduced content of secondary phases. High-performance KNN ceramics Flash sintered at a low-thermal budget have implications for the development of innovative low carbon technologies, electroceramics stakeholders, and piezoelectric energy harvesters. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:32:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6e881a9e543e477988ca231d1d19ea92 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:32:28Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-6e881a9e543e477988ca231d1d19ea922023-11-23T20:53:35ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-09-011519660310.3390/ma15196603Flash Sintered Potassium Sodium Niobate: High-Performance Piezoelectric Ceramics at Low Thermal Budget ProcessingRicardo Serrazina0Alexander Tkach1Luis Pereira2Ana M. O. R. Senos3Paula M. Vilarinho4Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalDepartment of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalCENIMAT-I3N, School of Science and Technology, FCT-NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, PortugalDepartment of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalDepartment of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalAlternative sintering technologies promise to overcome issues associated with conventional ceramic sintering such as high thermal budgets and CO<sub>2</sub> footprint. The sintering process becomes even more relevant for alkali-based piezoelectric ceramics such as K<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>NbO<sub>3</sub> (KNN) typically fired above 1100 °C for several hours that induces secondary phase formation and, thereby, degrades their electrical characteristics. Here, an ability of KNN ceramics to be of high performance is successfully demonstrated, using an electric field- and current-assisted Flash sintering technique at 900 °C only. Reported for the first time, Flash sintered KNN ceramics have room-temperature remnant polarization P<sub>r</sub> = 21 μC/cm<sup>2</sup> and longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient d<sub>33</sub> = 117 pC/N, slightly superior to that of conventional ones due to the reduced content of secondary phases. High-performance KNN ceramics Flash sintered at a low-thermal budget have implications for the development of innovative low carbon technologies, electroceramics stakeholders, and piezoelectric energy harvesters.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/19/6603electroceramicsferroelectricslead-free piezoelectricsKNNalternative sinteringelectrical properties |
| spellingShingle | Ricardo Serrazina Alexander Tkach Luis Pereira Ana M. O. R. Senos Paula M. Vilarinho Flash Sintered Potassium Sodium Niobate: High-Performance Piezoelectric Ceramics at Low Thermal Budget Processing Materials electroceramics ferroelectrics lead-free piezoelectrics KNN alternative sintering electrical properties |
| title | Flash Sintered Potassium Sodium Niobate: High-Performance Piezoelectric Ceramics at Low Thermal Budget Processing |
| title_full | Flash Sintered Potassium Sodium Niobate: High-Performance Piezoelectric Ceramics at Low Thermal Budget Processing |
| title_fullStr | Flash Sintered Potassium Sodium Niobate: High-Performance Piezoelectric Ceramics at Low Thermal Budget Processing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Flash Sintered Potassium Sodium Niobate: High-Performance Piezoelectric Ceramics at Low Thermal Budget Processing |
| title_short | Flash Sintered Potassium Sodium Niobate: High-Performance Piezoelectric Ceramics at Low Thermal Budget Processing |
| title_sort | flash sintered potassium sodium niobate high performance piezoelectric ceramics at low thermal budget processing |
| topic | electroceramics ferroelectrics lead-free piezoelectrics KNN alternative sintering electrical properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/19/6603 |
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