Redoxins as gatekeepers of the transcriptional oxidative stress response
Transcription factors control the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding specific DNA sequences in promoter regions. Transcriptional gene control is a rate-limiting process that is tightly regulated and based on transient environmental signals which are tr...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2019-02-01
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| Series: | Redox Biology |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213231718307055 |
| _version_ | 1818597925942460416 |
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| author | Barbara L. Hopkins Carola A. Neumann |
| author_facet | Barbara L. Hopkins Carola A. Neumann |
| author_sort | Barbara L. Hopkins |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Transcription factors control the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding specific DNA sequences in promoter regions. Transcriptional gene control is a rate-limiting process that is tightly regulated and based on transient environmental signals which are translated into long-term changes in gene transcription. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) on transcription factors by phosphorylation or acetylation have profound effects not only on sub-cellular localization but also on substrate specificity through changes in DNA binding capacity. During times of cellular stress, specific transcription factors are in place to help protect the cell from damage by initiating the transcription of antioxidant response genes. Here we discuss PTMs caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as H2O2, that can expeditiously regulate the activation of transcription factors involved in the oxidative stress response. Part of this rapid regulation are proteins involved in H2O2-related reduction and oxidation (redox) reactions such as redoxins, H2O2 scavengers described to interact with transcription factors. Redoxins have highly reactive cysteines of rate constants around 6–10−1 s−1 that engage in nucleophilic substitution of a thiol-disulfide with another thiol in inter-disulfide exchange reactions. We propose here that H2O2 signal transduction induced inter-disulfide exchange reactions between redoxin cysteines and cysteine thiols of transcription factors to allow for rapid and precise on and off switching of transcription factor activity. Thus, redoxins are essential modulators of stress response pathways beyond H2O2 scavenging capacity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T11:55:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6e937e2686ec44f38c15be62384a9e09 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2213-2317 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T11:55:33Z |
| publishDate | 2019-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Redox Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-6e937e2686ec44f38c15be62384a9e092022-12-21T22:32:34ZengElsevierRedox Biology2213-23172019-02-0121Redoxins as gatekeepers of the transcriptional oxidative stress responseBarbara L. Hopkins0Carola A. Neumann1Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Magee-Women's Research Institute, Magee-Women's Research Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Corresponding author at: Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, 204 Craft Ave, Pittsburgh, 15221, USA.Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Magee-Women's Research Institute, Magee-Women's Research Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Corresponding author at: Department of Pharmac ology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh, 204 Craft Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15221, USA.Transcription factors control the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding specific DNA sequences in promoter regions. Transcriptional gene control is a rate-limiting process that is tightly regulated and based on transient environmental signals which are translated into long-term changes in gene transcription. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) on transcription factors by phosphorylation or acetylation have profound effects not only on sub-cellular localization but also on substrate specificity through changes in DNA binding capacity. During times of cellular stress, specific transcription factors are in place to help protect the cell from damage by initiating the transcription of antioxidant response genes. Here we discuss PTMs caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as H2O2, that can expeditiously regulate the activation of transcription factors involved in the oxidative stress response. Part of this rapid regulation are proteins involved in H2O2-related reduction and oxidation (redox) reactions such as redoxins, H2O2 scavengers described to interact with transcription factors. Redoxins have highly reactive cysteines of rate constants around 6–10−1 s−1 that engage in nucleophilic substitution of a thiol-disulfide with another thiol in inter-disulfide exchange reactions. We propose here that H2O2 signal transduction induced inter-disulfide exchange reactions between redoxin cysteines and cysteine thiols of transcription factors to allow for rapid and precise on and off switching of transcription factor activity. Thus, redoxins are essential modulators of stress response pathways beyond H2O2 scavenging capacity.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213231718307055 |
| spellingShingle | Barbara L. Hopkins Carola A. Neumann Redoxins as gatekeepers of the transcriptional oxidative stress response Redox Biology |
| title | Redoxins as gatekeepers of the transcriptional oxidative stress response |
| title_full | Redoxins as gatekeepers of the transcriptional oxidative stress response |
| title_fullStr | Redoxins as gatekeepers of the transcriptional oxidative stress response |
| title_full_unstemmed | Redoxins as gatekeepers of the transcriptional oxidative stress response |
| title_short | Redoxins as gatekeepers of the transcriptional oxidative stress response |
| title_sort | redoxins as gatekeepers of the transcriptional oxidative stress response |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213231718307055 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT barbaralhopkins redoxinsasgatekeepersofthetranscriptionaloxidativestressresponse AT carolaaneumann redoxinsasgatekeepersofthetranscriptionaloxidativestressresponse |