Accumulation, Depuration, and Biological Effects of Polystyrene Microplastic Spheres and Adsorbed Cadmium and Benzo(a)pyrene on the Mussel <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i>
Filter feeders are target species for microplastic (MP) pollution, as particles can accumulate in the digestive system, disturbing feeding processes and becoming internalized in tissues. MPs may also carry pathogens or pollutants present in the environment. This work assessed the influence of polyst...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/1/18 |
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| author | Rebecca von Hellfeld María Zarzuelo Beñat Zaldibar Miren P. Cajaraville Amaia Orbea |
| author_facet | Rebecca von Hellfeld María Zarzuelo Beñat Zaldibar Miren P. Cajaraville Amaia Orbea |
| author_sort | Rebecca von Hellfeld |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Filter feeders are target species for microplastic (MP) pollution, as particles can accumulate in the digestive system, disturbing feeding processes and becoming internalized in tissues. MPs may also carry pathogens or pollutants present in the environment. This work assessed the influence of polystyrene (PS) MP size and concentration on accumulation and depuration time and the role of MPs as vectors for metallic (Cd) and organic (benzo(a)pyrene, BaP) pollutants. One-day exposure to pristine MPs induced a concentration-dependent accumulation in the digestive gland (in the stomach and duct lumen), and after 3-day depuration, 45 µm MPs appeared between gill filaments, while 4.5 µm MPs also occurred within gill filaments. After 3-day exposure to contaminated 4.5 µm MPs, mussels showed increased BaP levels whilst Cd accumulation did not occur. Here, PS showed higher affinity to BaP than to Cd. Three-day exposure to pristine or contaminated MPs did not provoke significant alterations in antioxidant and peroxisomal enzyme activities in the gills and digestive gland nor in lysosomal membrane stability. Exposure to dissolved contaminants and to MP-BaP caused histological alterations in the digestive gland. In conclusion, these short-term studies suggest that MPs are ingested and internalized in a size-dependent manner and act as carriers of the persistent organic pollutant BaP. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:25:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6e9517f843f64fd1a35fed7d4ce4d9ac |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:25:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-6e9517f843f64fd1a35fed7d4ce4d9ac2023-11-23T15:35:00ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042022-01-011011810.3390/toxics10010018Accumulation, Depuration, and Biological Effects of Polystyrene Microplastic Spheres and Adsorbed Cadmium and Benzo(a)pyrene on the Mussel <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i>Rebecca von Hellfeld0María Zarzuelo1Beñat Zaldibar2Miren P. Cajaraville3Amaia Orbea4CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Biotechnology PiE and Science and Technology Faculty, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, SpainCBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Biotechnology PiE and Science and Technology Faculty, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, SpainCBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Biotechnology PiE and Science and Technology Faculty, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, SpainCBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Biotechnology PiE and Science and Technology Faculty, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, SpainCBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Biotechnology PiE and Science and Technology Faculty, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, SpainFilter feeders are target species for microplastic (MP) pollution, as particles can accumulate in the digestive system, disturbing feeding processes and becoming internalized in tissues. MPs may also carry pathogens or pollutants present in the environment. This work assessed the influence of polystyrene (PS) MP size and concentration on accumulation and depuration time and the role of MPs as vectors for metallic (Cd) and organic (benzo(a)pyrene, BaP) pollutants. One-day exposure to pristine MPs induced a concentration-dependent accumulation in the digestive gland (in the stomach and duct lumen), and after 3-day depuration, 45 µm MPs appeared between gill filaments, while 4.5 µm MPs also occurred within gill filaments. After 3-day exposure to contaminated 4.5 µm MPs, mussels showed increased BaP levels whilst Cd accumulation did not occur. Here, PS showed higher affinity to BaP than to Cd. Three-day exposure to pristine or contaminated MPs did not provoke significant alterations in antioxidant and peroxisomal enzyme activities in the gills and digestive gland nor in lysosomal membrane stability. Exposure to dissolved contaminants and to MP-BaP caused histological alterations in the digestive gland. In conclusion, these short-term studies suggest that MPs are ingested and internalized in a size-dependent manner and act as carriers of the persistent organic pollutant BaP.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/1/18polystyrene microplasticssize-dependent uptakevectorscadmiumbenzo(a)pyrenemussels |
| spellingShingle | Rebecca von Hellfeld María Zarzuelo Beñat Zaldibar Miren P. Cajaraville Amaia Orbea Accumulation, Depuration, and Biological Effects of Polystyrene Microplastic Spheres and Adsorbed Cadmium and Benzo(a)pyrene on the Mussel <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i> Toxics polystyrene microplastics size-dependent uptake vectors cadmium benzo(a)pyrene mussels |
| title | Accumulation, Depuration, and Biological Effects of Polystyrene Microplastic Spheres and Adsorbed Cadmium and Benzo(a)pyrene on the Mussel <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i> |
| title_full | Accumulation, Depuration, and Biological Effects of Polystyrene Microplastic Spheres and Adsorbed Cadmium and Benzo(a)pyrene on the Mussel <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i> |
| title_fullStr | Accumulation, Depuration, and Biological Effects of Polystyrene Microplastic Spheres and Adsorbed Cadmium and Benzo(a)pyrene on the Mussel <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Accumulation, Depuration, and Biological Effects of Polystyrene Microplastic Spheres and Adsorbed Cadmium and Benzo(a)pyrene on the Mussel <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i> |
| title_short | Accumulation, Depuration, and Biological Effects of Polystyrene Microplastic Spheres and Adsorbed Cadmium and Benzo(a)pyrene on the Mussel <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i> |
| title_sort | accumulation depuration and biological effects of polystyrene microplastic spheres and adsorbed cadmium and benzo a pyrene on the mussel i mytilus galloprovincialis i |
| topic | polystyrene microplastics size-dependent uptake vectors cadmium benzo(a)pyrene mussels |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/1/18 |
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