Efficient Use of Carbon Fibers as Heating Elements for Curing of Epoxy Matrix Composites
The aim of this study is to achieve a fully cured thermoset matrix that is heated by a direct electric current passing through the reinforcement fibers i.e., the Joule heating effect. Two types of fibers were used as heating elements for curing the epoxy resins. Kanthal resistance fibers were used a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/16/5095 |
| _version_ | 1797522636966723584 |
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| author | Lykourgos C. Kontaxis Ioannis E. Chontzoglou George C. Papanicolaou |
| author_facet | Lykourgos C. Kontaxis Ioannis E. Chontzoglou George C. Papanicolaou |
| author_sort | Lykourgos C. Kontaxis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this study is to achieve a fully cured thermoset matrix that is heated by a direct electric current passing through the reinforcement fibers i.e., the Joule heating effect. Two types of fibers were used as heating elements for curing the epoxy resins. Kanthal resistance fibers were used as reference heating elements and subsequently, they were replaced by a Torayca Carbon Tow of the same radius. The specimens were cured by the heat produced by a direct electric current passing through the fibers and achieving temperatures of 50 °C and 70 °C. Specimens cured in a conventional oven were also manufactured, to compare the resistance heating method to the conventional one. Next, all specimens were mechanically characterized in a quasi-static three-point bending mode of loading and experimental results were compared to derive useful conclusions concerning the applicability of the technique to polymer/composite materials mass production. Finally, a preliminary economical study concerning power consumption needed for the application of both the traditional oven curing and the carbon fibers heating elements use for the manufacturing of the same amounts of materials is presented, showing a maximum financial benefit that can be achieved, on the order of 68%. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:32:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6ea265b4b8cc458ba383740921d44f66 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:32:16Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-6ea265b4b8cc458ba383740921d44f662023-11-22T08:56:35ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-08-012616509510.3390/molecules26165095Efficient Use of Carbon Fibers as Heating Elements for Curing of Epoxy Matrix CompositesLykourgos C. Kontaxis0Ioannis E. Chontzoglou1George C. Papanicolaou2Composite Materials Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, GreeceComposite Materials Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, GreeceComposite Materials Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, GreeceThe aim of this study is to achieve a fully cured thermoset matrix that is heated by a direct electric current passing through the reinforcement fibers i.e., the Joule heating effect. Two types of fibers were used as heating elements for curing the epoxy resins. Kanthal resistance fibers were used as reference heating elements and subsequently, they were replaced by a Torayca Carbon Tow of the same radius. The specimens were cured by the heat produced by a direct electric current passing through the fibers and achieving temperatures of 50 °C and 70 °C. Specimens cured in a conventional oven were also manufactured, to compare the resistance heating method to the conventional one. Next, all specimens were mechanically characterized in a quasi-static three-point bending mode of loading and experimental results were compared to derive useful conclusions concerning the applicability of the technique to polymer/composite materials mass production. Finally, a preliminary economical study concerning power consumption needed for the application of both the traditional oven curing and the carbon fibers heating elements use for the manufacturing of the same amounts of materials is presented, showing a maximum financial benefit that can be achieved, on the order of 68%.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/16/5095epoxy resin curingresistance heatingjoule heatingcarbon fiberspolymer–matrix composites (PMCs)three-point bending |
| spellingShingle | Lykourgos C. Kontaxis Ioannis E. Chontzoglou George C. Papanicolaou Efficient Use of Carbon Fibers as Heating Elements for Curing of Epoxy Matrix Composites Molecules epoxy resin curing resistance heating joule heating carbon fibers polymer–matrix composites (PMCs) three-point bending |
| title | Efficient Use of Carbon Fibers as Heating Elements for Curing of Epoxy Matrix Composites |
| title_full | Efficient Use of Carbon Fibers as Heating Elements for Curing of Epoxy Matrix Composites |
| title_fullStr | Efficient Use of Carbon Fibers as Heating Elements for Curing of Epoxy Matrix Composites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficient Use of Carbon Fibers as Heating Elements for Curing of Epoxy Matrix Composites |
| title_short | Efficient Use of Carbon Fibers as Heating Elements for Curing of Epoxy Matrix Composites |
| title_sort | efficient use of carbon fibers as heating elements for curing of epoxy matrix composites |
| topic | epoxy resin curing resistance heating joule heating carbon fibers polymer–matrix composites (PMCs) three-point bending |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/16/5095 |
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