Trends in Phenolic Profiles of <i>Achillea millefolium</i> from Different Geographical Gradients
The traditional widely used raw material of <i>Achillea millefolium</i> is currently mainly derived from wild populations, leading to diversification and uncertainty in its quality. The aim of the study was to determine the accumulation differences of phenolic compounds between geographi...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/4/746 |
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| author | Jolita Radušienė Birutė Karpavičienė Lina Raudone Gabriele Vilkickyte Cüneyt Çırak Fatih Seyis Fatih Yayla Mindaugas Marksa Laura Rimkienė Liudas Ivanauskas |
| author_facet | Jolita Radušienė Birutė Karpavičienė Lina Raudone Gabriele Vilkickyte Cüneyt Çırak Fatih Seyis Fatih Yayla Mindaugas Marksa Laura Rimkienė Liudas Ivanauskas |
| author_sort | Jolita Radušienė |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The traditional widely used raw material of <i>Achillea millefolium</i> is currently mainly derived from wild populations, leading to diversification and uncertainty in its quality. The aim of the study was to determine the accumulation differences of phenolic compounds between geographically distant populations of <i>Achillea millefolium</i> from northern and southern gradients. Plant material was collected from Gaziantep and Nevşehir provinces in Turkey and from wild populations in Lithuania. A complex of nine hydroxycinnamic acids and eleven flavonoids was identified and quantified in the methanolic extracts of inflorescences, leaves, and stems using the HPLC-PDA method. Caffeoylquinic acids predominated in leaves, while inflorescences tended to prevail in flavonoids. The PCA score plot model represented the quantitative distribution pattern of phenolic compounds along a geographical gradient of populations. The content of phenolic compounds in plant materials from northern latitudes was more than twice that of plants from southern latitudes. A significant correlation of individual phenolic compounds with latitude/longitude corresponded to their differences between two countries. Differences in accumulation of caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids revealed several intraspecific groups within <i>A. millefolium</i>. Our findings suggest that spatial geographical data on the distribution of phenolic compounds in <i>A. millefolium</i> populations could be used as a tool to find potential collection sites for high-quality raw materials. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:15:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6ea3753a3ca34bba953c97b0f22653d1 |
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| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:15:49Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-6ea3753a3ca34bba953c97b0f22653d12023-11-16T22:46:55ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-02-0112474610.3390/plants12040746Trends in Phenolic Profiles of <i>Achillea millefolium</i> from Different Geographical GradientsJolita Radušienė0Birutė Karpavičienė1Lina Raudone2Gabriele Vilkickyte3Cüneyt Çırak4Fatih Seyis5Fatih Yayla6Mindaugas Marksa7Laura Rimkienė8Liudas Ivanauskas9Laboratory of Economic Botany, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, 08412 Vilnius, LithuaniaLaboratory of Economic Botany, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, 08412 Vilnius, LithuaniaDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Av. 13, 50162 Kaunas, LithuaniaLaboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Av. 13, 50162 Kaunas, LithuaniaVocational High School of Bafra, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun 55200, TurkeyDepartment of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize 53100, TurkeyDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep 27310, TurkeyDepartment of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Av. 13, 50162 Kaunas, LithuaniaDepartment of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Av. 13, 50162 Kaunas, LithuaniaDepartment of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Av. 13, 50162 Kaunas, LithuaniaThe traditional widely used raw material of <i>Achillea millefolium</i> is currently mainly derived from wild populations, leading to diversification and uncertainty in its quality. The aim of the study was to determine the accumulation differences of phenolic compounds between geographically distant populations of <i>Achillea millefolium</i> from northern and southern gradients. Plant material was collected from Gaziantep and Nevşehir provinces in Turkey and from wild populations in Lithuania. A complex of nine hydroxycinnamic acids and eleven flavonoids was identified and quantified in the methanolic extracts of inflorescences, leaves, and stems using the HPLC-PDA method. Caffeoylquinic acids predominated in leaves, while inflorescences tended to prevail in flavonoids. The PCA score plot model represented the quantitative distribution pattern of phenolic compounds along a geographical gradient of populations. The content of phenolic compounds in plant materials from northern latitudes was more than twice that of plants from southern latitudes. A significant correlation of individual phenolic compounds with latitude/longitude corresponded to their differences between two countries. Differences in accumulation of caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids revealed several intraspecific groups within <i>A. millefolium</i>. Our findings suggest that spatial geographical data on the distribution of phenolic compounds in <i>A. millefolium</i> populations could be used as a tool to find potential collection sites for high-quality raw materials.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/4/746<i>Achillea millefolium</i>caffeoylquinic acidsflavonoidsintraspecific variationlatitudewild populations |
| spellingShingle | Jolita Radušienė Birutė Karpavičienė Lina Raudone Gabriele Vilkickyte Cüneyt Çırak Fatih Seyis Fatih Yayla Mindaugas Marksa Laura Rimkienė Liudas Ivanauskas Trends in Phenolic Profiles of <i>Achillea millefolium</i> from Different Geographical Gradients Plants <i>Achillea millefolium</i> caffeoylquinic acids flavonoids intraspecific variation latitude wild populations |
| title | Trends in Phenolic Profiles of <i>Achillea millefolium</i> from Different Geographical Gradients |
| title_full | Trends in Phenolic Profiles of <i>Achillea millefolium</i> from Different Geographical Gradients |
| title_fullStr | Trends in Phenolic Profiles of <i>Achillea millefolium</i> from Different Geographical Gradients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Trends in Phenolic Profiles of <i>Achillea millefolium</i> from Different Geographical Gradients |
| title_short | Trends in Phenolic Profiles of <i>Achillea millefolium</i> from Different Geographical Gradients |
| title_sort | trends in phenolic profiles of i achillea millefolium i from different geographical gradients |
| topic | <i>Achillea millefolium</i> caffeoylquinic acids flavonoids intraspecific variation latitude wild populations |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/4/746 |
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