Study of the Boundary Layer Structure of a Landfalling Typhoon Based on the Observation from Multiple Ground-Based Doppler Wind Lidars
The boundary layer structure is crucial to the formation and intensification of typhoons, but there is still a lack of high-precision turbulence observations in the typhoon boundary layer due to limitations of the observing instruments under typhoon conditions. Using joint observations from multiple...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/23/4810 |
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| author | Wenhao Shi Jie Tang Yonghang Chen Nuo Chen Qiong Liu Tongqiang Liu |
| author_facet | Wenhao Shi Jie Tang Yonghang Chen Nuo Chen Qiong Liu Tongqiang Liu |
| author_sort | Wenhao Shi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The boundary layer structure is crucial to the formation and intensification of typhoons, but there is still a lack of high-precision turbulence observations in the typhoon boundary layer due to limitations of the observing instruments under typhoon conditions. Using joint observations from multiple ground-based Doppler wind lidars (DWL) collected by the Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China Meteorological Administration (CMA) during the transit of Typhoon Lekima (8–11 August 2019), the characteristics of the wind field and physical quantities (including turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and typhoon boundary layer height (TBLH)) of the boundary layer of typhoon Lekima were analyzed. The magnitude of TKE was shown to be related not only to the horizontal wind speed but also to the presence of a strong downdraft, which leads to a rapid increase of TKE. The magnitudes of TKE in different quadrants of Typhoon Lekima were also found to differ. The TKE in the front right quadrant of the typhoon was 2.5–6.0 times that in the rear left quadrant and ~1.7 times that in the rear right quadrant. The TKE over the island was larger than that over the urban area. Before Typhoon Lekima made landfall, the TKE increased with decreasing distance to the typhoon center. After typhoon landfall, the TKE changes were different on the left and right sides of the typhoon center, with the TKE on the left decreasing rapidly, while that on the right changed little. The typhoon boundary layer height calculated by five methods was compared and was found to decrease gradually before typhoon landfall and increased gradually afterward. The trends of the TBLH calculated using helicity and TKE were consistent, and both determine the TBLH well, while the maximum tangential wind speed height (<i>h<sub>umax</sub></i>) was larger than the height calculated by other methods. This study confirms that DWL has a strong detecting capability for the finescale structure of the typhoon boundary layer and provides a powerful tool for the validation of numerical simulations of typhoon structure. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:46:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6eae029031044b689e4e168519ebc78e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:46:26Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-6eae029031044b689e4e168519ebc78e2023-11-23T02:56:43ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922021-11-011323481010.3390/rs13234810Study of the Boundary Layer Structure of a Landfalling Typhoon Based on the Observation from Multiple Ground-Based Doppler Wind LidarsWenhao Shi0Jie Tang1Yonghang Chen2Nuo Chen3Qiong Liu4Tongqiang Liu5College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201600, ChinaShanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201600, ChinaDepartment of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1225 W. Dayton Street, Madison, WI 53706, USACollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201600, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201600, ChinaThe boundary layer structure is crucial to the formation and intensification of typhoons, but there is still a lack of high-precision turbulence observations in the typhoon boundary layer due to limitations of the observing instruments under typhoon conditions. Using joint observations from multiple ground-based Doppler wind lidars (DWL) collected by the Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China Meteorological Administration (CMA) during the transit of Typhoon Lekima (8–11 August 2019), the characteristics of the wind field and physical quantities (including turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and typhoon boundary layer height (TBLH)) of the boundary layer of typhoon Lekima were analyzed. The magnitude of TKE was shown to be related not only to the horizontal wind speed but also to the presence of a strong downdraft, which leads to a rapid increase of TKE. The magnitudes of TKE in different quadrants of Typhoon Lekima were also found to differ. The TKE in the front right quadrant of the typhoon was 2.5–6.0 times that in the rear left quadrant and ~1.7 times that in the rear right quadrant. The TKE over the island was larger than that over the urban area. Before Typhoon Lekima made landfall, the TKE increased with decreasing distance to the typhoon center. After typhoon landfall, the TKE changes were different on the left and right sides of the typhoon center, with the TKE on the left decreasing rapidly, while that on the right changed little. The typhoon boundary layer height calculated by five methods was compared and was found to decrease gradually before typhoon landfall and increased gradually afterward. The trends of the TBLH calculated using helicity and TKE were consistent, and both determine the TBLH well, while the maximum tangential wind speed height (<i>h<sub>umax</sub></i>) was larger than the height calculated by other methods. This study confirms that DWL has a strong detecting capability for the finescale structure of the typhoon boundary layer and provides a powerful tool for the validation of numerical simulations of typhoon structure.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/23/4810doppler wind lidar (DWL)typhoonboundary layerstructure |
| spellingShingle | Wenhao Shi Jie Tang Yonghang Chen Nuo Chen Qiong Liu Tongqiang Liu Study of the Boundary Layer Structure of a Landfalling Typhoon Based on the Observation from Multiple Ground-Based Doppler Wind Lidars Remote Sensing doppler wind lidar (DWL) typhoon boundary layer structure |
| title | Study of the Boundary Layer Structure of a Landfalling Typhoon Based on the Observation from Multiple Ground-Based Doppler Wind Lidars |
| title_full | Study of the Boundary Layer Structure of a Landfalling Typhoon Based on the Observation from Multiple Ground-Based Doppler Wind Lidars |
| title_fullStr | Study of the Boundary Layer Structure of a Landfalling Typhoon Based on the Observation from Multiple Ground-Based Doppler Wind Lidars |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study of the Boundary Layer Structure of a Landfalling Typhoon Based on the Observation from Multiple Ground-Based Doppler Wind Lidars |
| title_short | Study of the Boundary Layer Structure of a Landfalling Typhoon Based on the Observation from Multiple Ground-Based Doppler Wind Lidars |
| title_sort | study of the boundary layer structure of a landfalling typhoon based on the observation from multiple ground based doppler wind lidars |
| topic | doppler wind lidar (DWL) typhoon boundary layer structure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/23/4810 |
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