Be aware of the sodium intake outside student canteens: development and validation of a sodium food frequency questionnaire in Chinese undergraduates
BackgroundChinese college students used to eat in student canteens, making dietary consumption outside the cafeterias the main reason for the difference in sodium intake. This study aims to develop and validate a food frequency questionnaire (Sodium-FFQ) targeting dietary sodium intake outside the c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1062845/full |
| _version_ | 1827931154429247488 |
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| author | Yue Xi Yue Xi Caihong Xiang Caihong Xiang Jiajing Liang Jiaqi Huo Cuiting Yong Cuiting Yong Hanshuang Zou Yunfeng Pan Minchan Wu Qingqing Xie Jing Deng Jing Deng Lina Yang Jihua Chen Yufei Qi Ying Li Ying Li Qian Lin |
| author_facet | Yue Xi Yue Xi Caihong Xiang Caihong Xiang Jiajing Liang Jiaqi Huo Cuiting Yong Cuiting Yong Hanshuang Zou Yunfeng Pan Minchan Wu Qingqing Xie Jing Deng Jing Deng Lina Yang Jihua Chen Yufei Qi Ying Li Ying Li Qian Lin |
| author_sort | Yue Xi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundChinese college students used to eat in student canteens, making dietary consumption outside the cafeterias the main reason for the difference in sodium intake. This study aims to develop and validate a food frequency questionnaire (Sodium-FFQ) targeting dietary sodium intake outside the canteens among undergraduates in China.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 124 and 81 college students from comprehensive universities in the development and validation stage. A 24 h dietary recall and a food frequency questionnaire were used to develop the Sodium-FFQ. Food items were selected according to the foods that contributed more to the total sodium intake. Test–retest correlation coefficients with an interval of 14 days were employed to evaluate reproducibility. Validity was assessed against a single 24 h urine collection and a 3-day dietary record using correlation coefficients, Bland–Altman analyses, and cross-classification analysis of Kappa coefficients.ResultsThe Sodium-FFQ consists of 12 groups of foods with 48 items. The Spearman correlation coefficient of test–retest on sodium intake was 0.654 (p < 0.05), and that between the Sodium-FFQ, 3 × 24 h dietary record, and 24-h urinary sodium were 0.393 (p < 0.05) and 0.342 (p < 0.05), respectively. The Sodium-FFQ was correlated to 24 h urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio, with a Spearman coefficient of 0.370 (p < 0.05). The classification agreement of the Sodium-FFQ and 24 h urinary sodium was 68.4%, and the Kappa coefficient was 0.371 (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe Sodium-FFQ developed in this study presented an acceptable reproducibility, validity, and classification agreement. It indicates that the Sodium-FFQ could be a potential tool for promoting sodium restriction in college students. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T06:47:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6eb2f1d33cbb4627997f26bd761b2068 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T06:47:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj.art-6eb2f1d33cbb4627997f26bd761b20682023-06-08T04:40:09ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2023-06-011010.3389/fnut.2023.10628451062845Be aware of the sodium intake outside student canteens: development and validation of a sodium food frequency questionnaire in Chinese undergraduatesYue Xi0Yue Xi1Caihong Xiang2Caihong Xiang3Jiajing Liang4Jiaqi Huo5Cuiting Yong6Cuiting Yong7Hanshuang Zou8Yunfeng Pan9Minchan Wu10Qingqing Xie11Jing Deng12Jing Deng13Lina Yang14Jihua Chen15Yufei Qi16Ying Li17Ying Li18Qian Lin19Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Hospital-acquired Infection Control, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, ChinaDepartment of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaThe Biobank of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Physical Education and Research, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Health Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaHunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaBackgroundChinese college students used to eat in student canteens, making dietary consumption outside the cafeterias the main reason for the difference in sodium intake. This study aims to develop and validate a food frequency questionnaire (Sodium-FFQ) targeting dietary sodium intake outside the canteens among undergraduates in China.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 124 and 81 college students from comprehensive universities in the development and validation stage. A 24 h dietary recall and a food frequency questionnaire were used to develop the Sodium-FFQ. Food items were selected according to the foods that contributed more to the total sodium intake. Test–retest correlation coefficients with an interval of 14 days were employed to evaluate reproducibility. Validity was assessed against a single 24 h urine collection and a 3-day dietary record using correlation coefficients, Bland–Altman analyses, and cross-classification analysis of Kappa coefficients.ResultsThe Sodium-FFQ consists of 12 groups of foods with 48 items. The Spearman correlation coefficient of test–retest on sodium intake was 0.654 (p < 0.05), and that between the Sodium-FFQ, 3 × 24 h dietary record, and 24-h urinary sodium were 0.393 (p < 0.05) and 0.342 (p < 0.05), respectively. The Sodium-FFQ was correlated to 24 h urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio, with a Spearman coefficient of 0.370 (p < 0.05). The classification agreement of the Sodium-FFQ and 24 h urinary sodium was 68.4%, and the Kappa coefficient was 0.371 (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe Sodium-FFQ developed in this study presented an acceptable reproducibility, validity, and classification agreement. It indicates that the Sodium-FFQ could be a potential tool for promoting sodium restriction in college students.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1062845/fullfood frequency questionnairesodiumvaliditycollege studentssalt reduction |
| spellingShingle | Yue Xi Yue Xi Caihong Xiang Caihong Xiang Jiajing Liang Jiaqi Huo Cuiting Yong Cuiting Yong Hanshuang Zou Yunfeng Pan Minchan Wu Qingqing Xie Jing Deng Jing Deng Lina Yang Jihua Chen Yufei Qi Ying Li Ying Li Qian Lin Be aware of the sodium intake outside student canteens: development and validation of a sodium food frequency questionnaire in Chinese undergraduates Frontiers in Nutrition food frequency questionnaire sodium validity college students salt reduction |
| title | Be aware of the sodium intake outside student canteens: development and validation of a sodium food frequency questionnaire in Chinese undergraduates |
| title_full | Be aware of the sodium intake outside student canteens: development and validation of a sodium food frequency questionnaire in Chinese undergraduates |
| title_fullStr | Be aware of the sodium intake outside student canteens: development and validation of a sodium food frequency questionnaire in Chinese undergraduates |
| title_full_unstemmed | Be aware of the sodium intake outside student canteens: development and validation of a sodium food frequency questionnaire in Chinese undergraduates |
| title_short | Be aware of the sodium intake outside student canteens: development and validation of a sodium food frequency questionnaire in Chinese undergraduates |
| title_sort | be aware of the sodium intake outside student canteens development and validation of a sodium food frequency questionnaire in chinese undergraduates |
| topic | food frequency questionnaire sodium validity college students salt reduction |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1062845/full |
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