Posture and Pull Pressure by Horses When Eating Hay or Haylage from a Hay Net Hung at Various Positions
These studies assessed the pressure forces exerted by horses to extract forage from haynets. Study 1 measured horse posture and pressure in Newtons (10 N = 1 kg Force) exerted on haynets when feeding from either a single (SH) or double layered (DH) haynet (3 kg Hay), hung low or high. Mean and maxim...
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/21/2999 |
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| author | Samantha Hodgson Pam Bennett-Skinner Bryony Lancaster Sarah Upton Patricia Harris Andrea D. Ellis |
| author_facet | Samantha Hodgson Pam Bennett-Skinner Bryony Lancaster Sarah Upton Patricia Harris Andrea D. Ellis |
| author_sort | Samantha Hodgson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | These studies assessed the pressure forces exerted by horses to extract forage from haynets. Study 1 measured horse posture and pressure in Newtons (10 N = 1 kg Force) exerted on haynets when feeding from either a single (SH) or double layered (DH) haynet (3 kg Hay), hung low or high. Mean and maximum pull forces were higher for the DH vs. SH (DH: 81 ± 2 N, max 156 N; SH: 74 ± 2.9 N, max 121 N; <i>p</i> < 0.01). Horses pulled harder on low (max pull 144 ± 8 N) compared to high (109 ± 8 N; <i>p</i> < 0.05) hung haynets. Mean maximum angles (nose-poll-withers) recorded were 90° ± 9 for SH and 127° ± 10 for DH (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Study 2 was a latin square design measuring forces exerted by 10 horses when eating from haynets (6 kg fill) with hay or haylage and attached to the wall at single or double points. Pull pressures were significantly higher when eating haylage compared to hay (mean: 7.5 kg vs. 2 kg and max: 32 kg versus 12 kg, respectively, (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Forage type and fracture properties had the greatest effect on apprehension rates of hay from haynets. In this study, the majority of force exerted when eating from haynets was below 70 N for hay and for haylage 50% of pulls were higher than 50 N with 8% of pulls above 200 N. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:20:07Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-6eb5fafa4b1443e896b0881a86bb67032023-11-24T03:25:20ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-10-011221299910.3390/ani12212999Posture and Pull Pressure by Horses When Eating Hay or Haylage from a Hay Net Hung at Various PositionsSamantha Hodgson0Pam Bennett-Skinner1Bryony Lancaster2Sarah Upton3Patricia Harris4Andrea D. Ellis5Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UKRoyal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UKRoyal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UKSchool of Animal, Rural and Environmental Science, Brackenhurst Campus, Nottingham Trent University, Southwell NG25 4QF, UKWaltham Petcare Science Institute, Freeby Lane, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UKRoyal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UKThese studies assessed the pressure forces exerted by horses to extract forage from haynets. Study 1 measured horse posture and pressure in Newtons (10 N = 1 kg Force) exerted on haynets when feeding from either a single (SH) or double layered (DH) haynet (3 kg Hay), hung low or high. Mean and maximum pull forces were higher for the DH vs. SH (DH: 81 ± 2 N, max 156 N; SH: 74 ± 2.9 N, max 121 N; <i>p</i> < 0.01). Horses pulled harder on low (max pull 144 ± 8 N) compared to high (109 ± 8 N; <i>p</i> < 0.05) hung haynets. Mean maximum angles (nose-poll-withers) recorded were 90° ± 9 for SH and 127° ± 10 for DH (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Study 2 was a latin square design measuring forces exerted by 10 horses when eating from haynets (6 kg fill) with hay or haylage and attached to the wall at single or double points. Pull pressures were significantly higher when eating haylage compared to hay (mean: 7.5 kg vs. 2 kg and max: 32 kg versus 12 kg, respectively, (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Forage type and fracture properties had the greatest effect on apprehension rates of hay from haynets. In this study, the majority of force exerted when eating from haynets was below 70 N for hay and for haylage 50% of pulls were higher than 50 N with 8% of pulls above 200 N.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/21/2999equinehaynetpostureintake behaviourpull pressure |
| spellingShingle | Samantha Hodgson Pam Bennett-Skinner Bryony Lancaster Sarah Upton Patricia Harris Andrea D. Ellis Posture and Pull Pressure by Horses When Eating Hay or Haylage from a Hay Net Hung at Various Positions Animals equine haynet posture intake behaviour pull pressure |
| title | Posture and Pull Pressure by Horses When Eating Hay or Haylage from a Hay Net Hung at Various Positions |
| title_full | Posture and Pull Pressure by Horses When Eating Hay or Haylage from a Hay Net Hung at Various Positions |
| title_fullStr | Posture and Pull Pressure by Horses When Eating Hay or Haylage from a Hay Net Hung at Various Positions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Posture and Pull Pressure by Horses When Eating Hay or Haylage from a Hay Net Hung at Various Positions |
| title_short | Posture and Pull Pressure by Horses When Eating Hay or Haylage from a Hay Net Hung at Various Positions |
| title_sort | posture and pull pressure by horses when eating hay or haylage from a hay net hung at various positions |
| topic | equine haynet posture intake behaviour pull pressure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/21/2999 |
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