Microalgae Aurantiochytrium Sp. Increases Neurogenesis and Improves Spatial Learning and Memory in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse-Prone 8 Mice
Much attention has recently been focused on nutraceuticals, with minimal adverse effects, developed for preventing or treating neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study was conducted to investigate the potential effect on neural development and function of the mi...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2020.600575/full |
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| author | Kazunori Sasaki Kazunori Sasaki Kazunori Sasaki Noelia Geribaldi-Doldán Noelia Geribaldi-Doldán Qingqing Wu Qingqing Wu Julie Davies Francis G. Szele Hiroko Isoda Hiroko Isoda Hiroko Isoda |
| author_facet | Kazunori Sasaki Kazunori Sasaki Kazunori Sasaki Noelia Geribaldi-Doldán Noelia Geribaldi-Doldán Qingqing Wu Qingqing Wu Julie Davies Francis G. Szele Hiroko Isoda Hiroko Isoda Hiroko Isoda |
| author_sort | Kazunori Sasaki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Much attention has recently been focused on nutraceuticals, with minimal adverse effects, developed for preventing or treating neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study was conducted to investigate the potential effect on neural development and function of the microalgae Aurantiochytrium sp. as a nutraceutical. To test neuroprotection by the ethanol extract of Aurantiochytrium (EEA) and a derivative, the n-Hexane layer of EEA (HEEA), amyloid-β-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells, was used as an in vitro AD model. We then assessed the potential enhancement of neurogenesis by EEA and HEEA using murine ex vivo neurospheres. We also administered EEA or HEEA to senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) mice, a non-transgenic strain with accelerated aging and AD-like memory loss for evaluation of spatial learning and memory using the Morris water maze test. Finally, we performed immunohistochemical analysis for assessment of neurogenesis in mice administered EEA. Pretreatment of SH-SY5Y cells with EEA or the squalene-rich fraction of EEA, HEEA, ameliorated amyloid-β-induced cytotoxicity. Interestingly, only EEA-treated cells showed a significant increase in cell metabolism and intracellular adenosine triphosphate production. Moreover, EEA treatment significantly increased the number of neurospheres, whereas HEEA treatment significantly increased the number of β-III-tubulin+ young neurons and GFAP+ astrocytes. SAMP8 mice were given 50 mg/kg EEA or HEEA orally for 30 days. EEA and HEEA decreased escape latency in the Morris water maze in SAMP8 mice, indicating improved memory. To detect stem cells and newborn neurons, we administered BrdU for 9 days and measured BrdU+ cells in the dentate gyrus, a neurogenic stem cell niche of the hippocampus. In SAMP8 mice, EEA rapidly and significantly increased the number of BrdU+GFAP+ stem cells and their progeny, BrdU+NeuN+ mature neurons. In conclusion, our data in aggregate indicate that EEA and its constituents could be developed into a nutraceutical for promoting brain health and function against several age-related diseases, particularly AD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T19:05:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6ebab9116f8b4e72b747d787ff24565c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-634X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T19:05:48Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-6ebab9116f8b4e72b747d787ff24565c2022-12-21T23:34:32ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2021-02-01810.3389/fcell.2020.600575600575Microalgae Aurantiochytrium Sp. Increases Neurogenesis and Improves Spatial Learning and Memory in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse-Prone 8 MiceKazunori Sasaki0Kazunori Sasaki1Kazunori Sasaki2Noelia Geribaldi-Doldán3Noelia Geribaldi-Doldán4Qingqing Wu5Qingqing Wu6Julie Davies7Francis G. Szele8Hiroko Isoda9Hiroko Isoda10Hiroko Isoda11Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JapanOpen Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JapanFaculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JapanAlliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JapanDepartment of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United KingdomAlliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JapanDepartment of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United KingdomDepartment of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United KingdomDepartment of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United KingdomAlliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JapanOpen Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JapanFaculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JapanMuch attention has recently been focused on nutraceuticals, with minimal adverse effects, developed for preventing or treating neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study was conducted to investigate the potential effect on neural development and function of the microalgae Aurantiochytrium sp. as a nutraceutical. To test neuroprotection by the ethanol extract of Aurantiochytrium (EEA) and a derivative, the n-Hexane layer of EEA (HEEA), amyloid-β-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells, was used as an in vitro AD model. We then assessed the potential enhancement of neurogenesis by EEA and HEEA using murine ex vivo neurospheres. We also administered EEA or HEEA to senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) mice, a non-transgenic strain with accelerated aging and AD-like memory loss for evaluation of spatial learning and memory using the Morris water maze test. Finally, we performed immunohistochemical analysis for assessment of neurogenesis in mice administered EEA. Pretreatment of SH-SY5Y cells with EEA or the squalene-rich fraction of EEA, HEEA, ameliorated amyloid-β-induced cytotoxicity. Interestingly, only EEA-treated cells showed a significant increase in cell metabolism and intracellular adenosine triphosphate production. Moreover, EEA treatment significantly increased the number of neurospheres, whereas HEEA treatment significantly increased the number of β-III-tubulin+ young neurons and GFAP+ astrocytes. SAMP8 mice were given 50 mg/kg EEA or HEEA orally for 30 days. EEA and HEEA decreased escape latency in the Morris water maze in SAMP8 mice, indicating improved memory. To detect stem cells and newborn neurons, we administered BrdU for 9 days and measured BrdU+ cells in the dentate gyrus, a neurogenic stem cell niche of the hippocampus. In SAMP8 mice, EEA rapidly and significantly increased the number of BrdU+GFAP+ stem cells and their progeny, BrdU+NeuN+ mature neurons. In conclusion, our data in aggregate indicate that EEA and its constituents could be developed into a nutraceutical for promoting brain health and function against several age-related diseases, particularly AD.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2020.600575/fullAurantiochytrium sp.neuroprotectionadult neurogenesisneuronal stem cellsSAMP8 mice |
| spellingShingle | Kazunori Sasaki Kazunori Sasaki Kazunori Sasaki Noelia Geribaldi-Doldán Noelia Geribaldi-Doldán Qingqing Wu Qingqing Wu Julie Davies Francis G. Szele Hiroko Isoda Hiroko Isoda Hiroko Isoda Microalgae Aurantiochytrium Sp. Increases Neurogenesis and Improves Spatial Learning and Memory in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse-Prone 8 Mice Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology Aurantiochytrium sp. neuroprotection adult neurogenesis neuronal stem cells SAMP8 mice |
| title | Microalgae Aurantiochytrium Sp. Increases Neurogenesis and Improves Spatial Learning and Memory in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse-Prone 8 Mice |
| title_full | Microalgae Aurantiochytrium Sp. Increases Neurogenesis and Improves Spatial Learning and Memory in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse-Prone 8 Mice |
| title_fullStr | Microalgae Aurantiochytrium Sp. Increases Neurogenesis and Improves Spatial Learning and Memory in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse-Prone 8 Mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microalgae Aurantiochytrium Sp. Increases Neurogenesis and Improves Spatial Learning and Memory in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse-Prone 8 Mice |
| title_short | Microalgae Aurantiochytrium Sp. Increases Neurogenesis and Improves Spatial Learning and Memory in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse-Prone 8 Mice |
| title_sort | microalgae aurantiochytrium sp increases neurogenesis and improves spatial learning and memory in senescence accelerated mouse prone 8 mice |
| topic | Aurantiochytrium sp. neuroprotection adult neurogenesis neuronal stem cells SAMP8 mice |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2020.600575/full |
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