State of the Art of Telecommunication Systems in Isolated and Constrained Areas

Smart objects are deployed globally, contributing to improved communications and the growth of industrial systems’ performances. Unfortunately, isolated territories are generally excluded from this progress. Remote areas in Canada are no exception. Thus, about two hundred thousand people are living...

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Main Authors: Laurent Ferrier, Hussein Ibrahim, Mohamad Issa, Adrian Ilinca
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-04-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/3073
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author Laurent Ferrier
Hussein Ibrahim
Mohamad Issa
Adrian Ilinca
author_facet Laurent Ferrier
Hussein Ibrahim
Mohamad Issa
Adrian Ilinca
author_sort Laurent Ferrier
collection DOAJ
description Smart objects are deployed globally, contributing to improved communications and the growth of industrial systems’ performances. Unfortunately, isolated territories are generally excluded from this progress. Remote areas in Canada are no exception. Thus, about two hundred thousand people are living in isolated regions in Canadian territory. The development of these communities is slowed down not only by an outdated energy supply, but they are also dependent on telecommunication systems not fully deployed in those regions, thus contributing to the amplification of those populations’ isolation. Furthermore, the magnetic field in some regions of the planet and very often in isolated areas undergoes partial or total absorption, known as white areas, making the propagation of the signal very delicate. As a part of this article, a state of the art of telecommunication solutions available in an isolated environment is applied with a critical analysis based on several criteria. It shows the ability to use an original approach based on a captive balloon. Despite the proposed solution’s feasibility, several challenges need to be addressed before formally adopting it. These challenges include: (i) controlling the height of the balloon; (ii) stabilization of the balloon; and (iii) powering the system. The list of references given at the end of the paper should offer aids for the industry and for researchers working in this field.
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spelling doaj.art-6ec218b31b51411ca342dacbdc226caa2023-11-21T17:38:14ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-04-01219307310.3390/s21093073State of the Art of Telecommunication Systems in Isolated and Constrained AreasLaurent Ferrier0Hussein Ibrahim1Mohamad Issa2Adrian Ilinca3Wind Energy Research Laboratory, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, CanadaInstitut Technologique de la Maintenance Industrielle, Sept-Îles, QC G5L 3A1, CanadaInstitut Maritime du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, CanadaWind Energy Research Laboratory, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, CanadaSmart objects are deployed globally, contributing to improved communications and the growth of industrial systems’ performances. Unfortunately, isolated territories are generally excluded from this progress. Remote areas in Canada are no exception. Thus, about two hundred thousand people are living in isolated regions in Canadian territory. The development of these communities is slowed down not only by an outdated energy supply, but they are also dependent on telecommunication systems not fully deployed in those regions, thus contributing to the amplification of those populations’ isolation. Furthermore, the magnetic field in some regions of the planet and very often in isolated areas undergoes partial or total absorption, known as white areas, making the propagation of the signal very delicate. As a part of this article, a state of the art of telecommunication solutions available in an isolated environment is applied with a critical analysis based on several criteria. It shows the ability to use an original approach based on a captive balloon. Despite the proposed solution’s feasibility, several challenges need to be addressed before formally adopting it. These challenges include: (i) controlling the height of the balloon; (ii) stabilization of the balloon; and (iii) powering the system. The list of references given at the end of the paper should offer aids for the industry and for researchers working in this field.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/3073telecommunication towersoptical fiberLoon balloonStratobuscaptive balloonlink budget
spellingShingle Laurent Ferrier
Hussein Ibrahim
Mohamad Issa
Adrian Ilinca
State of the Art of Telecommunication Systems in Isolated and Constrained Areas
Sensors
telecommunication towers
optical fiber
Loon balloon
Stratobus
captive balloon
link budget
title State of the Art of Telecommunication Systems in Isolated and Constrained Areas
title_full State of the Art of Telecommunication Systems in Isolated and Constrained Areas
title_fullStr State of the Art of Telecommunication Systems in Isolated and Constrained Areas
title_full_unstemmed State of the Art of Telecommunication Systems in Isolated and Constrained Areas
title_short State of the Art of Telecommunication Systems in Isolated and Constrained Areas
title_sort state of the art of telecommunication systems in isolated and constrained areas
topic telecommunication towers
optical fiber
Loon balloon
Stratobus
captive balloon
link budget
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/3073
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AT mohamadissa stateoftheartoftelecommunicationsystemsinisolatedandconstrainedareas
AT adrianilinca stateoftheartoftelecommunicationsystemsinisolatedandconstrainedareas