A Non-Invasive IR Sensor Technique to Differentiate Parkinson’s Disease from Other Neurological Disorders Using Autonomic Dysfunction as Diagnostic Criterion
Early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) plays a critical role in effective disease management and delayed disease progression. This study reports a technique that could diagnose and differentiate PD from essential tremor (ET) in its earlier stage using a non-motor phenotype. Autonomic dysfunctio...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/1/266 |
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| author | Brindha Anbalagan Sunitha Karnam Anantha Sridhar P. Arjunan Venkatraman Balasubramanian Menaka Murugesan Kalpana R |
| author_facet | Brindha Anbalagan Sunitha Karnam Anantha Sridhar P. Arjunan Venkatraman Balasubramanian Menaka Murugesan Kalpana R |
| author_sort | Brindha Anbalagan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) plays a critical role in effective disease management and delayed disease progression. This study reports a technique that could diagnose and differentiate PD from essential tremor (ET) in its earlier stage using a non-motor phenotype. Autonomic dysfunction, an early symptom in PD patients, is caused by <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mi>α</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-synuclein pathogenesis in the central nervous system and can be diagnosed using skin vasomotor response to cold stimuli. In this study, the investigations were performed using data collected from 20 PD, 20 ET and 20 healthy subjects. Infrared thermography was used for the cold stress test to observe subjects’ hand temperature before and after cold stimuli. The results show that the recovery rate of hand temperature was significantly different between the groups. The data obtained in the cold stress test were verified using Pearson’s cross-correlation technique, which showed that few disease parameters like medication and motor rating score had an impact on the recovery rate of hand temperature in PD subjects. The characteristics of the three groups were compared and classified using the k-means clustering algorithm. The sensitivity and specificity of these techniques were analyzed using an Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analyzer. These results show that this non-invasive technique can be used as an effective tool in the diagnosis and differentiation of PD in its early stage. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:21:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6ec46b035cdf4627adb2c6d01da2dfb5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:21:07Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-6ec46b035cdf4627adb2c6d01da2dfb52023-11-23T12:19:35ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-12-0122126610.3390/s22010266A Non-Invasive IR Sensor Technique to Differentiate Parkinson’s Disease from Other Neurological Disorders Using Autonomic Dysfunction as Diagnostic CriterionBrindha Anbalagan0Sunitha Karnam Anantha1Sridhar P. Arjunan2Venkatraman Balasubramanian3Menaka Murugesan4Kalpana R5EIE Department, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, IndiaEIE Department, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, IndiaEIE Department, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, IndiaSafety and Environmental Group, Department of Atomic Energy, IGCAR, Kalpakkam 603102, IndiaSafety and Environmental Group, Department of Atomic Energy, IGCAR, Kalpakkam 603102, IndiaDepartment of Neurology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur 603203, IndiaEarly diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) plays a critical role in effective disease management and delayed disease progression. This study reports a technique that could diagnose and differentiate PD from essential tremor (ET) in its earlier stage using a non-motor phenotype. Autonomic dysfunction, an early symptom in PD patients, is caused by <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mi>α</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-synuclein pathogenesis in the central nervous system and can be diagnosed using skin vasomotor response to cold stimuli. In this study, the investigations were performed using data collected from 20 PD, 20 ET and 20 healthy subjects. Infrared thermography was used for the cold stress test to observe subjects’ hand temperature before and after cold stimuli. The results show that the recovery rate of hand temperature was significantly different between the groups. The data obtained in the cold stress test were verified using Pearson’s cross-correlation technique, which showed that few disease parameters like medication and motor rating score had an impact on the recovery rate of hand temperature in PD subjects. The characteristics of the three groups were compared and classified using the k-means clustering algorithm. The sensitivity and specificity of these techniques were analyzed using an Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analyzer. These results show that this non-invasive technique can be used as an effective tool in the diagnosis and differentiation of PD in its early stage.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/1/266thermographycold stress testautonomic dysfunctionvasoconstrictionessential tremorParkinson’s disease |
| spellingShingle | Brindha Anbalagan Sunitha Karnam Anantha Sridhar P. Arjunan Venkatraman Balasubramanian Menaka Murugesan Kalpana R A Non-Invasive IR Sensor Technique to Differentiate Parkinson’s Disease from Other Neurological Disorders Using Autonomic Dysfunction as Diagnostic Criterion Sensors thermography cold stress test autonomic dysfunction vasoconstriction essential tremor Parkinson’s disease |
| title | A Non-Invasive IR Sensor Technique to Differentiate Parkinson’s Disease from Other Neurological Disorders Using Autonomic Dysfunction as Diagnostic Criterion |
| title_full | A Non-Invasive IR Sensor Technique to Differentiate Parkinson’s Disease from Other Neurological Disorders Using Autonomic Dysfunction as Diagnostic Criterion |
| title_fullStr | A Non-Invasive IR Sensor Technique to Differentiate Parkinson’s Disease from Other Neurological Disorders Using Autonomic Dysfunction as Diagnostic Criterion |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Non-Invasive IR Sensor Technique to Differentiate Parkinson’s Disease from Other Neurological Disorders Using Autonomic Dysfunction as Diagnostic Criterion |
| title_short | A Non-Invasive IR Sensor Technique to Differentiate Parkinson’s Disease from Other Neurological Disorders Using Autonomic Dysfunction as Diagnostic Criterion |
| title_sort | non invasive ir sensor technique to differentiate parkinson s disease from other neurological disorders using autonomic dysfunction as diagnostic criterion |
| topic | thermography cold stress test autonomic dysfunction vasoconstriction essential tremor Parkinson’s disease |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/1/266 |
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