Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species: Double-Edged Weapon in Host Defense and Pathological Inflammation During Infection
Mitochondria are inevitable sources for the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) due to their fundamental roles in respiration. mtROS were reported to be bactericidal weapons with an innate effector function during infection. However, the controlled generation of mtROS is vita...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01649/full |
| _version_ | 1818200511663308800 |
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| author | Prashanta Silwal Prashanta Silwal Jin Kyung Kim Jin Kyung Kim Young Jae Kim Young Jae Kim Eun-Kyeong Jo Eun-Kyeong Jo |
| author_facet | Prashanta Silwal Prashanta Silwal Jin Kyung Kim Jin Kyung Kim Young Jae Kim Young Jae Kim Eun-Kyeong Jo Eun-Kyeong Jo |
| author_sort | Prashanta Silwal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mitochondria are inevitable sources for the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) due to their fundamental roles in respiration. mtROS were reported to be bactericidal weapons with an innate effector function during infection. However, the controlled generation of mtROS is vital for the induction of efficient immune responses because excessive production of mtROS with mitochondrial damage leads to sustained inflammation, resulting in pathological outcomes such as sepsis. Here, we discuss the beneficial and detrimental roles of mtROS in the innate immune system during bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Recent evidence suggests that several pathogens have evolved multiple strategies to modulate mtROS for their own benefit. We are just beginning to understand the mechanisms by which mtROS generation is regulated and how mtROS affect protective and pathological responses during infection. Several agents/small molecules that prevent the uncontrolled production of mtROS are known to be beneficial in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis during sepsis. mtROS-targeted approaches need to be incorporated into preventive and therapeutic strategies against a variety of infections. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T02:38:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6ec943c2b5d84f2f844ddaf4f3f6715d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T02:38:50Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-6ec943c2b5d84f2f844ddaf4f3f6715d2022-12-22T00:41:13ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242020-08-011110.3389/fimmu.2020.01649554462Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species: Double-Edged Weapon in Host Defense and Pathological Inflammation During InfectionPrashanta Silwal0Prashanta Silwal1Jin Kyung Kim2Jin Kyung Kim3Young Jae Kim4Young Jae Kim5Eun-Kyeong Jo6Eun-Kyeong Jo7Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South KoreaInfection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South KoreaDepartment of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South KoreaInfection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South KoreaDepartment of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South KoreaInfection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South KoreaDepartment of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South KoreaInfection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South KoreaMitochondria are inevitable sources for the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) due to their fundamental roles in respiration. mtROS were reported to be bactericidal weapons with an innate effector function during infection. However, the controlled generation of mtROS is vital for the induction of efficient immune responses because excessive production of mtROS with mitochondrial damage leads to sustained inflammation, resulting in pathological outcomes such as sepsis. Here, we discuss the beneficial and detrimental roles of mtROS in the innate immune system during bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Recent evidence suggests that several pathogens have evolved multiple strategies to modulate mtROS for their own benefit. We are just beginning to understand the mechanisms by which mtROS generation is regulated and how mtROS affect protective and pathological responses during infection. Several agents/small molecules that prevent the uncontrolled production of mtROS are known to be beneficial in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis during sepsis. mtROS-targeted approaches need to be incorporated into preventive and therapeutic strategies against a variety of infections.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01649/fullmitochondrial ROSinfectioninflammationimmunityhost defense |
| spellingShingle | Prashanta Silwal Prashanta Silwal Jin Kyung Kim Jin Kyung Kim Young Jae Kim Young Jae Kim Eun-Kyeong Jo Eun-Kyeong Jo Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species: Double-Edged Weapon in Host Defense and Pathological Inflammation During Infection Frontiers in Immunology mitochondrial ROS infection inflammation immunity host defense |
| title | Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species: Double-Edged Weapon in Host Defense and Pathological Inflammation During Infection |
| title_full | Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species: Double-Edged Weapon in Host Defense and Pathological Inflammation During Infection |
| title_fullStr | Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species: Double-Edged Weapon in Host Defense and Pathological Inflammation During Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species: Double-Edged Weapon in Host Defense and Pathological Inflammation During Infection |
| title_short | Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species: Double-Edged Weapon in Host Defense and Pathological Inflammation During Infection |
| title_sort | mitochondrial reactive oxygen species double edged weapon in host defense and pathological inflammation during infection |
| topic | mitochondrial ROS infection inflammation immunity host defense |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01649/full |
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