Preparation of Calibration Standards of N1-H Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Analogues by Large-Scale Culture of Cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis (TA04)
Mouse bioassay is the official testing method to quantify paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in bivalves. A number of alternative analytical methods have been reported. Some methods have been evaluated by a single laboratory validation. Among the different types of methods, chemical analyses are capa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2011-03-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/9/3/466/ |
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| author | Toshiyuki Suzuki Ryuichi Watanabe Yasukatsu Oshima |
| author_facet | Toshiyuki Suzuki Ryuichi Watanabe Yasukatsu Oshima |
| author_sort | Toshiyuki Suzuki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mouse bioassay is the official testing method to quantify paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in bivalves. A number of alternative analytical methods have been reported. Some methods have been evaluated by a single laboratory validation. Among the different types of methods, chemical analyses are capable of identifying and quantifying the toxins, however a shortage of the necessary calibration standards hampers implementation of the chemical analyses in routine monitoring of PSTs in bivalves. In our present study, we studied preparation of major PST analogues as calibrants by large-scale cultivation of toxic freshwater cyanobacteria Anabaena circinalis TA04. The cells were steadily grown in 10 L bottle for 28 days. The primary N1-H toxins, C1/C2, were produced at a concentration of 1.3 ± 0.1 µmol/L. The intracellular and extracellular toxins occupied 80% and 20%, respectively. Over 220 µmol of the toxins was obtained from approximately 200 L of the culture over six months, demonstrating that it is sufficient to prepare saxitoxin analogues. The toxins were chemically converted to six N1-H analogues. Preparation of the analogues was carried out at relatively high yields (50–90%). The results indicate that our preparation method is useful to produce N1-H toxins. In our present study, detailed conditions for preparation of one of the rare N1-H analogues, gonyautoxin-5, were investigated. |
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| id | doaj.art-6ecf5c0531a0476c8d5e91220a14069c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:22:54Z |
| publishDate | 2011-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj.art-6ecf5c0531a0476c8d5e91220a14069c2022-12-22T04:00:01ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972011-03-019346647710.3390/md9030466Preparation of Calibration Standards of N1-H Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Analogues by Large-Scale Culture of Cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis (TA04)Toshiyuki SuzukiRyuichi WatanabeYasukatsu OshimaMouse bioassay is the official testing method to quantify paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in bivalves. A number of alternative analytical methods have been reported. Some methods have been evaluated by a single laboratory validation. Among the different types of methods, chemical analyses are capable of identifying and quantifying the toxins, however a shortage of the necessary calibration standards hampers implementation of the chemical analyses in routine monitoring of PSTs in bivalves. In our present study, we studied preparation of major PST analogues as calibrants by large-scale cultivation of toxic freshwater cyanobacteria Anabaena circinalis TA04. The cells were steadily grown in 10 L bottle for 28 days. The primary N1-H toxins, C1/C2, were produced at a concentration of 1.3 ± 0.1 µmol/L. The intracellular and extracellular toxins occupied 80% and 20%, respectively. Over 220 µmol of the toxins was obtained from approximately 200 L of the culture over six months, demonstrating that it is sufficient to prepare saxitoxin analogues. The toxins were chemically converted to six N1-H analogues. Preparation of the analogues was carried out at relatively high yields (50–90%). The results indicate that our preparation method is useful to produce N1-H toxins. In our present study, detailed conditions for preparation of one of the rare N1-H analogues, gonyautoxin-5, were investigated.http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/9/3/466/cyanobacteriaAnabaena circinalisparalytic shellfish toxinsaxitoxinchemical derivatizationstandard |
| spellingShingle | Toshiyuki Suzuki Ryuichi Watanabe Yasukatsu Oshima Preparation of Calibration Standards of N1-H Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Analogues by Large-Scale Culture of Cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis (TA04) Marine Drugs cyanobacteria Anabaena circinalis paralytic shellfish toxin saxitoxin chemical derivatization standard |
| title | Preparation of Calibration Standards of N1-H Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Analogues by Large-Scale Culture of Cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis (TA04) |
| title_full | Preparation of Calibration Standards of N1-H Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Analogues by Large-Scale Culture of Cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis (TA04) |
| title_fullStr | Preparation of Calibration Standards of N1-H Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Analogues by Large-Scale Culture of Cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis (TA04) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preparation of Calibration Standards of N1-H Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Analogues by Large-Scale Culture of Cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis (TA04) |
| title_short | Preparation of Calibration Standards of N1-H Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Analogues by Large-Scale Culture of Cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis (TA04) |
| title_sort | preparation of calibration standards of n1 h paralytic shellfish toxin analogues by large scale culture of cyanobacterium anabaena circinalis ta04 |
| topic | cyanobacteria Anabaena circinalis paralytic shellfish toxin saxitoxin chemical derivatization standard |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/9/3/466/ |
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