Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthetase Gene Family in Chinese Cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i>) and <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i> during Their Interaction
Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide that is widely distributed in various organisms. Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) is a critical enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of trehalose, which serves important functions in growth and development, defense, and stress resistance. Although previ...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/2/929 |
| _version_ | 1797441685818441728 |
|---|---|
| author | Liyan Kong Jiaxiu Liu Wenjun Zhang Xiaonan Li Yuting Zhang Xueyu Chen Zongxiang Zhan Zhongyun Piao |
| author_facet | Liyan Kong Jiaxiu Liu Wenjun Zhang Xiaonan Li Yuting Zhang Xueyu Chen Zongxiang Zhan Zhongyun Piao |
| author_sort | Liyan Kong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide that is widely distributed in various organisms. Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) is a critical enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of trehalose, which serves important functions in growth and development, defense, and stress resistance. Although previous studies have found that the clubroot pathogen <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i> can lead to the accumulation of trehalose in infected <i>Arabidopsis</i> organs, it has been proposed that much of the accumulated trehalose is derived from the pathogen. At present, there is very little evidence to verify this view. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of the <i>TPS</i> gene family was conducted in <i>Brassica rapa</i> and <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i>. A total of 14 <i>Brassica rapa TPS</i> genes (<i>BrTPSs</i>) and 3 <i>P. brassicae TPS</i> genes (<i>PbTPSs</i>) were identified, and the evolutionary characteristics, functional classification, and expression patterns were analyzed. Fourteen <i>BrTPS</i> genes were classified into two distinct classes according to phylogeny and gene structure. Three <i>PbTPSs</i> showed no significant differences in gene structure and protein conserved motifs. However, evolutionary analysis showed that the <i>PbTPS2</i> gene failed to cluster with <i>PbTPS1</i> and <i>PbTPS3</i>. Furthermore, cis-acting elements related to growth and development, defense and stress responsiveness, and hormone responsiveness were predicted in the promoter region of the <i>BrTPS</i> genes. Expression analysis of most <i>BrTPS</i> genes at five stages after <i>P. brassicae</i> interaction found no significant induction. Instead, the expression of the <i>PbTPS</i> genes of <i>P. brassicae</i> was upregulated, which was consistent with the period of trehalose accumulation. This study deepens our understanding of the function and evolution of <i>BrTPSs</i> and <i>PbTPSs</i>. Simultaneously, clarifying the biosynthesis of trehalose in the interaction between <i>Brassica rapa</i> and <i>P. brassicae</i> is also of great significance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:27:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6edbd1df092c4572825818dd561fb1f1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:27:45Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-6edbd1df092c4572825818dd561fb1f12023-11-30T22:32:40ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-01-0124292910.3390/ijms24020929Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthetase Gene Family in Chinese Cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i>) and <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i> during Their InteractionLiyan Kong0Jiaxiu Liu1Wenjun Zhang2Xiaonan Li3Yuting Zhang4Xueyu Chen5Zongxiang Zhan6Zhongyun Piao7Molecular Biology of Vegetable Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, ChinaMolecular Biology of Vegetable Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, ChinaMolecular Biology of Vegetable Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, ChinaMolecular Biology of Vegetable Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, ChinaMolecular Biology of Vegetable Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, ChinaMolecular Biology of Vegetable Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, ChinaMolecular Biology of Vegetable Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, ChinaMolecular Biology of Vegetable Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, ChinaTrehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide that is widely distributed in various organisms. Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) is a critical enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of trehalose, which serves important functions in growth and development, defense, and stress resistance. Although previous studies have found that the clubroot pathogen <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i> can lead to the accumulation of trehalose in infected <i>Arabidopsis</i> organs, it has been proposed that much of the accumulated trehalose is derived from the pathogen. At present, there is very little evidence to verify this view. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of the <i>TPS</i> gene family was conducted in <i>Brassica rapa</i> and <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i>. A total of 14 <i>Brassica rapa TPS</i> genes (<i>BrTPSs</i>) and 3 <i>P. brassicae TPS</i> genes (<i>PbTPSs</i>) were identified, and the evolutionary characteristics, functional classification, and expression patterns were analyzed. Fourteen <i>BrTPS</i> genes were classified into two distinct classes according to phylogeny and gene structure. Three <i>PbTPSs</i> showed no significant differences in gene structure and protein conserved motifs. However, evolutionary analysis showed that the <i>PbTPS2</i> gene failed to cluster with <i>PbTPS1</i> and <i>PbTPS3</i>. Furthermore, cis-acting elements related to growth and development, defense and stress responsiveness, and hormone responsiveness were predicted in the promoter region of the <i>BrTPS</i> genes. Expression analysis of most <i>BrTPS</i> genes at five stages after <i>P. brassicae</i> interaction found no significant induction. Instead, the expression of the <i>PbTPS</i> genes of <i>P. brassicae</i> was upregulated, which was consistent with the period of trehalose accumulation. This study deepens our understanding of the function and evolution of <i>BrTPSs</i> and <i>PbTPSs</i>. Simultaneously, clarifying the biosynthesis of trehalose in the interaction between <i>Brassica rapa</i> and <i>P. brassicae</i> is also of great significance.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/2/929TrehaloseTPSclubroot<i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i><i>Brassica rapa</i> |
| spellingShingle | Liyan Kong Jiaxiu Liu Wenjun Zhang Xiaonan Li Yuting Zhang Xueyu Chen Zongxiang Zhan Zhongyun Piao Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthetase Gene Family in Chinese Cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i>) and <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i> during Their Interaction International Journal of Molecular Sciences Trehalose TPS clubroot <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i> <i>Brassica rapa</i> |
| title | Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthetase Gene Family in Chinese Cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i>) and <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i> during Their Interaction |
| title_full | Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthetase Gene Family in Chinese Cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i>) and <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i> during Their Interaction |
| title_fullStr | Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthetase Gene Family in Chinese Cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i>) and <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i> during Their Interaction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthetase Gene Family in Chinese Cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i>) and <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i> during Their Interaction |
| title_short | Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthetase Gene Family in Chinese Cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i>) and <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i> during Their Interaction |
| title_sort | genome wide identification and characterization of the trehalose 6 phosphate synthetase gene family in chinese cabbage i brassica rapa i and i plasmodiophora brassicae i during their interaction |
| topic | Trehalose TPS clubroot <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i> <i>Brassica rapa</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/2/929 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT liyankong genomewideidentificationandcharacterizationofthetrehalose6phosphatesynthetasegenefamilyinchinesecabbageibrassicarapaiandiplasmodiophorabrassicaeiduringtheirinteraction AT jiaxiuliu genomewideidentificationandcharacterizationofthetrehalose6phosphatesynthetasegenefamilyinchinesecabbageibrassicarapaiandiplasmodiophorabrassicaeiduringtheirinteraction AT wenjunzhang genomewideidentificationandcharacterizationofthetrehalose6phosphatesynthetasegenefamilyinchinesecabbageibrassicarapaiandiplasmodiophorabrassicaeiduringtheirinteraction AT xiaonanli genomewideidentificationandcharacterizationofthetrehalose6phosphatesynthetasegenefamilyinchinesecabbageibrassicarapaiandiplasmodiophorabrassicaeiduringtheirinteraction AT yutingzhang genomewideidentificationandcharacterizationofthetrehalose6phosphatesynthetasegenefamilyinchinesecabbageibrassicarapaiandiplasmodiophorabrassicaeiduringtheirinteraction AT xueyuchen genomewideidentificationandcharacterizationofthetrehalose6phosphatesynthetasegenefamilyinchinesecabbageibrassicarapaiandiplasmodiophorabrassicaeiduringtheirinteraction AT zongxiangzhan genomewideidentificationandcharacterizationofthetrehalose6phosphatesynthetasegenefamilyinchinesecabbageibrassicarapaiandiplasmodiophorabrassicaeiduringtheirinteraction AT zhongyunpiao genomewideidentificationandcharacterizationofthetrehalose6phosphatesynthetasegenefamilyinchinesecabbageibrassicarapaiandiplasmodiophorabrassicaeiduringtheirinteraction |