A novel third complement component C3 gene of Ciona intestinalis expressed in the endoderm at the early developmental stages
The third complement component (C3) in ascidian was reported to function as an opsonin to enhance phagocytosis and as a chemotactic factor for phagocytes, indicating that ascidian C3 works in mesodermal cavity as a humoral factor like vertebrate C3s. In the basal Eumetazoa, Cnidaria lacking mesoderm...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
2013-04-01
|
| Series: | Invertebrate Survival Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.isj.unimo.it/articoli/ISJ290.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818353319305805824 |
|---|---|
| author | T Hibino M Nonaka |
| author_facet | T Hibino M Nonaka |
| author_sort | T Hibino |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The third complement component (C3) in ascidian was reported to function as an opsonin to enhance phagocytosis and as a chemotactic factor for phagocytes, indicating that ascidian C3 works in mesodermal cavity as a humoral factor like vertebrate C3s. In the basal Eumetazoa, Cnidaria lacking mesodermal tissues, C3 was reported to work in an endodermal cavity. Evolution of structure and function of C3 is still to be clarified. Here we report the identification of the third C3 gene, CiC3-3, in the genome of an ascidian, Ciona intestinalis. Phylogenetic analysis using the entire amino acid sequences of Eumetazoan C3s indicated that CiC3-3 possess a closer relationship to vertebrate C3, C4 and C5 than other ascidian C3s. Although CiC3-3 retained the α-β processing site and 6 cysteine residues in the C3a region, it lacked the intra-molecular thioester bond and the catalytic histidine residue. Instead, CiC3-3 had a unique insertion of about 70 residues long Lys/Arg-rich sequence. CiC3-3 was expressed highly in the embryonic stages, but little in the adult in contradistinction to CiC3-1 and CiC3-2. The expression of CiC3-3 in early embryonic stages was restricted to endoderm similar to cnidarian C3s. Thus, the ascidian complement system could represent a unique evolutionary stage sharing a primitive endodermal function with Cnidaria, and newly developed humoral function with vertebrates. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T19:07:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6ef7ad4dc5204c7fad6355fd5f49f51f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1824-307X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T19:07:38Z |
| publishDate | 2013-04-01 |
| publisher | University of Modena and Reggio Emilia |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Invertebrate Survival Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-6ef7ad4dc5204c7fad6355fd5f49f51f2022-12-21T23:34:29ZengUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaInvertebrate Survival Journal1824-307X2013-04-011012937A novel third complement component C3 gene of Ciona intestinalis expressed in the endoderm at the early developmental stagesT HibinoM NonakaThe third complement component (C3) in ascidian was reported to function as an opsonin to enhance phagocytosis and as a chemotactic factor for phagocytes, indicating that ascidian C3 works in mesodermal cavity as a humoral factor like vertebrate C3s. In the basal Eumetazoa, Cnidaria lacking mesodermal tissues, C3 was reported to work in an endodermal cavity. Evolution of structure and function of C3 is still to be clarified. Here we report the identification of the third C3 gene, CiC3-3, in the genome of an ascidian, Ciona intestinalis. Phylogenetic analysis using the entire amino acid sequences of Eumetazoan C3s indicated that CiC3-3 possess a closer relationship to vertebrate C3, C4 and C5 than other ascidian C3s. Although CiC3-3 retained the α-β processing site and 6 cysteine residues in the C3a region, it lacked the intra-molecular thioester bond and the catalytic histidine residue. Instead, CiC3-3 had a unique insertion of about 70 residues long Lys/Arg-rich sequence. CiC3-3 was expressed highly in the embryonic stages, but little in the adult in contradistinction to CiC3-1 and CiC3-2. The expression of CiC3-3 in early embryonic stages was restricted to endoderm similar to cnidarian C3s. Thus, the ascidian complement system could represent a unique evolutionary stage sharing a primitive endodermal function with Cnidaria, and newly developed humoral function with vertebrates.http://www.isj.unimo.it/articoli/ISJ290.pdfthioester-containing protein (TEP)complement C3innate immunityimmunogeneticstunicatechordate |
| spellingShingle | T Hibino M Nonaka A novel third complement component C3 gene of Ciona intestinalis expressed in the endoderm at the early developmental stages Invertebrate Survival Journal thioester-containing protein (TEP) complement C3 innate immunity immunogenetics tunicate chordate |
| title | A novel third complement component C3 gene of Ciona intestinalis expressed in the endoderm at the early developmental stages |
| title_full | A novel third complement component C3 gene of Ciona intestinalis expressed in the endoderm at the early developmental stages |
| title_fullStr | A novel third complement component C3 gene of Ciona intestinalis expressed in the endoderm at the early developmental stages |
| title_full_unstemmed | A novel third complement component C3 gene of Ciona intestinalis expressed in the endoderm at the early developmental stages |
| title_short | A novel third complement component C3 gene of Ciona intestinalis expressed in the endoderm at the early developmental stages |
| title_sort | novel third complement component c3 gene of ciona intestinalis expressed in the endoderm at the early developmental stages |
| topic | thioester-containing protein (TEP) complement C3 innate immunity immunogenetics tunicate chordate |
| url | http://www.isj.unimo.it/articoli/ISJ290.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT thibino anovelthirdcomplementcomponentc3geneofcionaintestinalisexpressedintheendodermattheearlydevelopmentalstages AT mnonaka anovelthirdcomplementcomponentc3geneofcionaintestinalisexpressedintheendodermattheearlydevelopmentalstages AT thibino novelthirdcomplementcomponentc3geneofcionaintestinalisexpressedintheendodermattheearlydevelopmentalstages AT mnonaka novelthirdcomplementcomponentc3geneofcionaintestinalisexpressedintheendodermattheearlydevelopmentalstages |