Dietary protein score and carbohydrate quality index with the risk of chronic kidney disease: Findings from a prospective cohort study
Background/AimThis study aimed to examine the associations between dietary protein score and carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Iranian adults.MethodsThis population-based cohort study was performed within the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study framework on...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.1003545/full |
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| author | Farshad Teymoori Farshad Teymoori Hossein Farhadnejad Mitra Kazemi Jahromi Mohammadreza Vafa Hamid Ahmadirad Parvin Mirmiran Fereidoun Azizi |
| author_facet | Farshad Teymoori Farshad Teymoori Hossein Farhadnejad Mitra Kazemi Jahromi Mohammadreza Vafa Hamid Ahmadirad Parvin Mirmiran Fereidoun Azizi |
| author_sort | Farshad Teymoori |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background/AimThis study aimed to examine the associations between dietary protein score and carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Iranian adults.MethodsThis population-based cohort study was performed within the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study framework on 6,044 subjects aged ≥18 years old, who were followed up for a mean of 7.7 years. Dietary protein score and CQI were determined using a food frequency questionnaire. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m2. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to estimate the risk of CKD across tertiles of protein score and CQI.ResultsThe mean (standard deviation) of age and body mass index of participants were 37.9 (12.8) years and 26.8 (4.7) kg/m2, respectively. During the 7.7 ± 2.7 years of follow-up, 1,216 cases (20.1%) of CKD were ascertained. In the final adjusted model, individuals in the highest tertile of protein score had decreased risk of CKD (HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74–0.98, Ptrend = 0.033). Also, there is a significant association between total carbohydrate score (HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.73–0.99, Ptrend = 0.016), the ratio of whole grain/total grains (HR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.70–0.94, Ptrend = 0.004), and glycemic index (HR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.12–1.51, Ptrend < 0.001) and risk of CKD. However, no significant association was found between total protein intakes, plant-to-animal ratio, and solid carbohydrate/total carbohydrate with the risk of CKD.ConclusionOur results revealed a diet with a high protein score and high quality of carbohydrates, characterized by higher intakes of plant proteins, low glycaemic index (GI) carbohydrates, whole grain, fibers, and lower intakes of animal proteins, can be related to reduced CKD risk. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T13:02:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6eff1d8f6a88488997d09377b5eb8fa8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T13:02:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj.art-6eff1d8f6a88488997d09377b5eb8fa82022-12-22T02:45:51ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2022-11-01910.3389/fnut.2022.10035451003545Dietary protein score and carbohydrate quality index with the risk of chronic kidney disease: Findings from a prospective cohort studyFarshad Teymoori0Farshad Teymoori1Hossein Farhadnejad2Mitra Kazemi Jahromi3Mohammadreza Vafa4Hamid Ahmadirad5Parvin Mirmiran6Fereidoun Azizi7Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranNutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranEndocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, IranDepartment of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranNutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranNutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranEndocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranBackground/AimThis study aimed to examine the associations between dietary protein score and carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Iranian adults.MethodsThis population-based cohort study was performed within the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study framework on 6,044 subjects aged ≥18 years old, who were followed up for a mean of 7.7 years. Dietary protein score and CQI were determined using a food frequency questionnaire. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m2. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to estimate the risk of CKD across tertiles of protein score and CQI.ResultsThe mean (standard deviation) of age and body mass index of participants were 37.9 (12.8) years and 26.8 (4.7) kg/m2, respectively. During the 7.7 ± 2.7 years of follow-up, 1,216 cases (20.1%) of CKD were ascertained. In the final adjusted model, individuals in the highest tertile of protein score had decreased risk of CKD (HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74–0.98, Ptrend = 0.033). Also, there is a significant association between total carbohydrate score (HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.73–0.99, Ptrend = 0.016), the ratio of whole grain/total grains (HR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.70–0.94, Ptrend = 0.004), and glycemic index (HR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.12–1.51, Ptrend < 0.001) and risk of CKD. However, no significant association was found between total protein intakes, plant-to-animal ratio, and solid carbohydrate/total carbohydrate with the risk of CKD.ConclusionOur results revealed a diet with a high protein score and high quality of carbohydrates, characterized by higher intakes of plant proteins, low glycaemic index (GI) carbohydrates, whole grain, fibers, and lower intakes of animal proteins, can be related to reduced CKD risk.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.1003545/fullchronic kidney diseasemacronutrientsprotein scorecarbohydrate qualityadults |
| spellingShingle | Farshad Teymoori Farshad Teymoori Hossein Farhadnejad Mitra Kazemi Jahromi Mohammadreza Vafa Hamid Ahmadirad Parvin Mirmiran Fereidoun Azizi Dietary protein score and carbohydrate quality index with the risk of chronic kidney disease: Findings from a prospective cohort study Frontiers in Nutrition chronic kidney disease macronutrients protein score carbohydrate quality adults |
| title | Dietary protein score and carbohydrate quality index with the risk of chronic kidney disease: Findings from a prospective cohort study |
| title_full | Dietary protein score and carbohydrate quality index with the risk of chronic kidney disease: Findings from a prospective cohort study |
| title_fullStr | Dietary protein score and carbohydrate quality index with the risk of chronic kidney disease: Findings from a prospective cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dietary protein score and carbohydrate quality index with the risk of chronic kidney disease: Findings from a prospective cohort study |
| title_short | Dietary protein score and carbohydrate quality index with the risk of chronic kidney disease: Findings from a prospective cohort study |
| title_sort | dietary protein score and carbohydrate quality index with the risk of chronic kidney disease findings from a prospective cohort study |
| topic | chronic kidney disease macronutrients protein score carbohydrate quality adults |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.1003545/full |
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