Fabrication, Measurement and Time Decay of the Electromagnetic Properties of Semi-Solid Water-Based Phantoms
This paper presents a complete and detailed description of the fabrication and measurement of the electromagnetic properties of water-based semi-solid phantoms with emphasis on the analysis of the time evolution of the complex permittivity of several samples stored in different conditions. A known r...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/19/4298 |
| _version_ | 1798041270922248192 |
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| author | Carlos Mendes Custódio Peixeiro |
| author_facet | Carlos Mendes Custódio Peixeiro |
| author_sort | Carlos Mendes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents a complete and detailed description of the fabrication and measurement of the electromagnetic properties of water-based semi-solid phantoms with emphasis on the analysis of the time evolution of the complex permittivity of several samples stored in different conditions. A known recipe for a 2/3 muscle equivalent phantom is used as test material, and the several phantom sample properties are measured with an in-house developed coaxial probe technique. It is shown that the storing condition is of paramount importance to extend the lifetime of a given phantom. This behavior stems from the way the storing condition affects the water evaporation rate of the sample. In particular, while an unprotected sample can preserve its electromagnetic properties only for a few days, a very well-sealed one can last at least up to a year. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:19:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6effd44d0d2b48798f8013b017a55186 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:19:11Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-6effd44d0d2b48798f8013b017a551862022-12-22T04:00:14ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202019-10-011919429810.3390/s19194298s19194298Fabrication, Measurement and Time Decay of the Electromagnetic Properties of Semi-Solid Water-Based PhantomsCarlos Mendes0Custódio Peixeiro1Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1959-007 Lisbon, PortugalInstituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, PortugalThis paper presents a complete and detailed description of the fabrication and measurement of the electromagnetic properties of water-based semi-solid phantoms with emphasis on the analysis of the time evolution of the complex permittivity of several samples stored in different conditions. A known recipe for a 2/3 muscle equivalent phantom is used as test material, and the several phantom sample properties are measured with an in-house developed coaxial probe technique. It is shown that the storing condition is of paramount importance to extend the lifetime of a given phantom. This behavior stems from the way the storing condition affects the water evaporation rate of the sample. In particular, while an unprotected sample can preserve its electromagnetic properties only for a few days, a very well-sealed one can last at least up to a year.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/19/4298banphysical phantom2/3 musclecoaxial probe techniquecomplex permittivity measurement |
| spellingShingle | Carlos Mendes Custódio Peixeiro Fabrication, Measurement and Time Decay of the Electromagnetic Properties of Semi-Solid Water-Based Phantoms Sensors ban physical phantom 2/3 muscle coaxial probe technique complex permittivity measurement |
| title | Fabrication, Measurement and Time Decay of the Electromagnetic Properties of Semi-Solid Water-Based Phantoms |
| title_full | Fabrication, Measurement and Time Decay of the Electromagnetic Properties of Semi-Solid Water-Based Phantoms |
| title_fullStr | Fabrication, Measurement and Time Decay of the Electromagnetic Properties of Semi-Solid Water-Based Phantoms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fabrication, Measurement and Time Decay of the Electromagnetic Properties of Semi-Solid Water-Based Phantoms |
| title_short | Fabrication, Measurement and Time Decay of the Electromagnetic Properties of Semi-Solid Water-Based Phantoms |
| title_sort | fabrication measurement and time decay of the electromagnetic properties of semi solid water based phantoms |
| topic | ban physical phantom 2/3 muscle coaxial probe technique complex permittivity measurement |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/19/4298 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT carlosmendes fabricationmeasurementandtimedecayoftheelectromagneticpropertiesofsemisolidwaterbasedphantoms AT custodiopeixeiro fabricationmeasurementandtimedecayoftheelectromagneticpropertiesofsemisolidwaterbasedphantoms |