Primary Squamous Cell Carcinomas Arising in Intracranial Epidermoid Cysts: A Series of Nine Cases and Systematic Review
ObjectivePrimary squamous cell carcinomas (PSCCs) arising in intracranial epidermoid cysts (IECs) are very rare, and their management and prognostic factors remain unclear. This study aimed to enunciate the clinical features and suggest a treatment protocol based on cases from the literature and the...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Oncology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.750899/full |
| _version_ | 1818738811988869120 |
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| author | Pengcheng Zuo Tao Sun Yi Wang Yibo Geng Peng Zhang Zhen Wu Junting Zhang Liwei Zhang Liwei Zhang Liwei Zhang |
| author_facet | Pengcheng Zuo Tao Sun Yi Wang Yibo Geng Peng Zhang Zhen Wu Junting Zhang Liwei Zhang Liwei Zhang Liwei Zhang |
| author_sort | Pengcheng Zuo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ObjectivePrimary squamous cell carcinomas (PSCCs) arising in intracranial epidermoid cysts (IECs) are very rare, and their management and prognostic factors remain unclear. This study aimed to enunciate the clinical features and suggest a treatment protocol based on cases from the literature and the cases from our institution.MethodsThe clinicoradiological data were obtained from nine patients with PSCCs arising in IECs, who underwent surgical treatment at Beijing Tiantan Hospital between July 2012 and June 2018. We also searched the PubMed database using the keywords “epidermoid cyst(s)” or “epidermoid tumor(s)” combined with “malignant” or “malignancy” or “intracranial” or “brain” or “squamous cell carcinoma” between 1960 and 2020. Risk factors for overall survival (OS) were evaluated in the pooled cohort.ResultsThe mean age of our cohort was 51.2 ± 8.3 years (range: 39–61 years), which included eight males and one female. Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in three patients, while non-GTR was achieved in six patients. Radiotherapy was administered to five patients. After a median follow-up of 16.7 ± 21.6 months (range: 3–72 months), eight patients died with a mean OS time of 9.75 ± 6.6 months (range: 3–23 months). In the literature between 1965 and 2020, 45 cases of PSCCs arising in IECs were identified in 23 males and 22 females with a mean age of 55.2 ± 12.4 years. GTR, non-GTR, and biopsy were achieved in six (13.3%), 36 (80%), and three (6.7%) cases, respectively. After a mean follow-up of 12.7 ± 13.4 months (range: 0.33–60 months), 54.1% (20/37) patients died, and recurrence occurred in 53.6% (15/28) patients. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that postoperative radiotherapy (p = 0.002) was the only factor that favored OS. The Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that, compared with no radiotherapy (median survival time: 4 months), radiotherapy (median survival time: 24 months) had significantly prolonged OS (p = 0.0011), and GTR could not improve OS (p = 0.5826), compared with non-GTR. The 1-year OS of patients with or without radiotherapy was 72.5% or 18.2%, respectively.ConclusionMalignant transformation of IEC into PSCC was prevalent in elderly patients, with slight male predominance. GTR of previous benign IECs is recommended. For remnant benign IECs, close follow-up should be performed. Postoperative radiotherapy for PSCCs could bring survival benefit. GTR of these malignant intracranial tumors is difficult when they involve important brain structures. Future studies with larger cohorts are necessary to verify our findings. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T01:14:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6f09fb3ad85d4a22840d284bf66f38de |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2234-943X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T01:14:53Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Oncology |
| spelling | doaj.art-6f09fb3ad85d4a22840d284bf66f38de2022-12-21T21:25:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2021-10-011110.3389/fonc.2021.750899750899Primary Squamous Cell Carcinomas Arising in Intracranial Epidermoid Cysts: A Series of Nine Cases and Systematic ReviewPengcheng Zuo0Tao Sun1Yi Wang2Yibo Geng3Peng Zhang4Zhen Wu5Junting Zhang6Liwei Zhang7Liwei Zhang8Liwei Zhang9Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaChina National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, ChinaObjectivePrimary squamous cell carcinomas (PSCCs) arising in intracranial epidermoid cysts (IECs) are very rare, and their management and prognostic factors remain unclear. This study aimed to enunciate the clinical features and suggest a treatment protocol based on cases from the literature and the cases from our institution.MethodsThe clinicoradiological data were obtained from nine patients with PSCCs arising in IECs, who underwent surgical treatment at Beijing Tiantan Hospital between July 2012 and June 2018. We also searched the PubMed database using the keywords “epidermoid cyst(s)” or “epidermoid tumor(s)” combined with “malignant” or “malignancy” or “intracranial” or “brain” or “squamous cell carcinoma” between 1960 and 2020. Risk factors for overall survival (OS) were evaluated in the pooled cohort.ResultsThe mean age of our cohort was 51.2 ± 8.3 years (range: 39–61 years), which included eight males and one female. Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in three patients, while non-GTR was achieved in six patients. Radiotherapy was administered to five patients. After a median follow-up of 16.7 ± 21.6 months (range: 3–72 months), eight patients died with a mean OS time of 9.75 ± 6.6 months (range: 3–23 months). In the literature between 1965 and 2020, 45 cases of PSCCs arising in IECs were identified in 23 males and 22 females with a mean age of 55.2 ± 12.4 years. GTR, non-GTR, and biopsy were achieved in six (13.3%), 36 (80%), and three (6.7%) cases, respectively. After a mean follow-up of 12.7 ± 13.4 months (range: 0.33–60 months), 54.1% (20/37) patients died, and recurrence occurred in 53.6% (15/28) patients. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that postoperative radiotherapy (p = 0.002) was the only factor that favored OS. The Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that, compared with no radiotherapy (median survival time: 4 months), radiotherapy (median survival time: 24 months) had significantly prolonged OS (p = 0.0011), and GTR could not improve OS (p = 0.5826), compared with non-GTR. The 1-year OS of patients with or without radiotherapy was 72.5% or 18.2%, respectively.ConclusionMalignant transformation of IEC into PSCC was prevalent in elderly patients, with slight male predominance. GTR of previous benign IECs is recommended. For remnant benign IECs, close follow-up should be performed. Postoperative radiotherapy for PSCCs could bring survival benefit. GTR of these malignant intracranial tumors is difficult when they involve important brain structures. Future studies with larger cohorts are necessary to verify our findings.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.750899/fullintracranial epidermoid cystsmalignant transformationgross total resectionradiotherapythe cerebellopontine angle |
| spellingShingle | Pengcheng Zuo Tao Sun Yi Wang Yibo Geng Peng Zhang Zhen Wu Junting Zhang Liwei Zhang Liwei Zhang Liwei Zhang Primary Squamous Cell Carcinomas Arising in Intracranial Epidermoid Cysts: A Series of Nine Cases and Systematic Review Frontiers in Oncology intracranial epidermoid cysts malignant transformation gross total resection radiotherapy the cerebellopontine angle |
| title | Primary Squamous Cell Carcinomas Arising in Intracranial Epidermoid Cysts: A Series of Nine Cases and Systematic Review |
| title_full | Primary Squamous Cell Carcinomas Arising in Intracranial Epidermoid Cysts: A Series of Nine Cases and Systematic Review |
| title_fullStr | Primary Squamous Cell Carcinomas Arising in Intracranial Epidermoid Cysts: A Series of Nine Cases and Systematic Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Primary Squamous Cell Carcinomas Arising in Intracranial Epidermoid Cysts: A Series of Nine Cases and Systematic Review |
| title_short | Primary Squamous Cell Carcinomas Arising in Intracranial Epidermoid Cysts: A Series of Nine Cases and Systematic Review |
| title_sort | primary squamous cell carcinomas arising in intracranial epidermoid cysts a series of nine cases and systematic review |
| topic | intracranial epidermoid cysts malignant transformation gross total resection radiotherapy the cerebellopontine angle |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.750899/full |
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