The Role of Palmitic Acid in the Co-Toxicity of Bacterial Metabolites to Endothelial Cells
Marcin Choroszy,1 Kamila Środa-Pomianek,2 Magdalena Wawrzyńska,3 Mateusz Chmielarz,1 Edyta Bożemska,1 Beata Sobieszczańska1 1Department of Microbiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland; 2Department of Biophysics and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Dove Medical Press
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Vascular Health and Risk Management |
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| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/the-role-of-palmitic-acid-in-the-co-toxicity-of-bacterial-metabolites--peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-VHRM |
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| author | Choroszy M Środa-Pomianek K Wawrzyńska M Chmielarz M Bożemska E Sobieszczańska B |
| author_facet | Choroszy M Środa-Pomianek K Wawrzyńska M Chmielarz M Bożemska E Sobieszczańska B |
| author_sort | Choroszy M |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Marcin Choroszy,1 Kamila Środa-Pomianek,2 Magdalena Wawrzyńska,3 Mateusz Chmielarz,1 Edyta Bożemska,1 Beata Sobieszczańska1 1Department of Microbiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland; 2Department of Biophysics and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland; 3Department of Preclinical Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, PolandCorrespondence: Marcin Choroszy, Chalubinskiego 4 Street, Wroclaw, 51-657, Poland, Tel +48-71-7840-065, Fax +48-71-784-0117, Email marcin.choroszy@student.umw.edu.plIntroduction: Metabolic endotoxemia most often results from obesity and is accompanied by an increase in the permeability of the intestinal epithelial barrier, allowing co-absorption of bacterial metabolites and diet-derived fatty acids into the bloodstream. A high-fat diet (HFD) leading to obesity is a significant extrinsic factor in developing vascular atherosclerosis. In this study, we evaluated the effects of palmitic acid (PA) as a representative of long-chain saturated fatty acids (LCSFA) commonly present in HFDs, along with endotoxin (LPS; lipopolysaccharide) and uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (IS), on human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs).Methods: HUVECs viability was measured based on tetrazolium salt metabolism, and cell morphology was assessed with fluorescein-phalloidin staining of cells’ actin cytoskeleton. The effects of simultaneous treatment of endothelial cells with PA, LPS, and IS on nitro-oxidative stress in vascular cells were evaluated quantitatively with fluorescent probes. The expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule VCAM-1, E-selectin, and occludin, an essential tight junction protein, in HUVECs treated with these metabolites was evaluated in Western blot.Results: PA, combined with LPS and IS, did not influence HUVECs viability but induced stress on actin fibers and focal adhesion complexes. Moreover, PA combined with LPS significantly enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in HUVECs but decreased nitric oxide (NO) generation. PA also considerably increased the expression of VCAM-1 and E-selectin in HUVECs treated with LPS or IS but decreased occludin expression.Conclusion: Palmitic acid enhances the toxic effect of metabolic endotoxemia on the vascular endothelium.Keywords: metabolic endotoxemia, high-fat diet, palmitic acid, endotoxin, indoxyl sulfate |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T01:22:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6f0fb9cd56cb45b5bf0716aecc408f40 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1178-2048 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T01:22:19Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vascular Health and Risk Management |
| spelling | doaj.art-6f0fb9cd56cb45b5bf0716aecc408f402023-07-04T19:06:11ZengDove Medical PressVascular Health and Risk Management1178-20482023-07-01Volume 1939940984919The Role of Palmitic Acid in the Co-Toxicity of Bacterial Metabolites to Endothelial CellsChoroszy MŚroda-Pomianek KWawrzyńska MChmielarz MBożemska ESobieszczańska BMarcin Choroszy,1 Kamila Środa-Pomianek,2 Magdalena Wawrzyńska,3 Mateusz Chmielarz,1 Edyta Bożemska,1 Beata Sobieszczańska1 1Department of Microbiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland; 2Department of Biophysics and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland; 3Department of Preclinical Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, PolandCorrespondence: Marcin Choroszy, Chalubinskiego 4 Street, Wroclaw, 51-657, Poland, Tel +48-71-7840-065, Fax +48-71-784-0117, Email marcin.choroszy@student.umw.edu.plIntroduction: Metabolic endotoxemia most often results from obesity and is accompanied by an increase in the permeability of the intestinal epithelial barrier, allowing co-absorption of bacterial metabolites and diet-derived fatty acids into the bloodstream. A high-fat diet (HFD) leading to obesity is a significant extrinsic factor in developing vascular atherosclerosis. In this study, we evaluated the effects of palmitic acid (PA) as a representative of long-chain saturated fatty acids (LCSFA) commonly present in HFDs, along with endotoxin (LPS; lipopolysaccharide) and uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (IS), on human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs).Methods: HUVECs viability was measured based on tetrazolium salt metabolism, and cell morphology was assessed with fluorescein-phalloidin staining of cells’ actin cytoskeleton. The effects of simultaneous treatment of endothelial cells with PA, LPS, and IS on nitro-oxidative stress in vascular cells were evaluated quantitatively with fluorescent probes. The expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule VCAM-1, E-selectin, and occludin, an essential tight junction protein, in HUVECs treated with these metabolites was evaluated in Western blot.Results: PA, combined with LPS and IS, did not influence HUVECs viability but induced stress on actin fibers and focal adhesion complexes. Moreover, PA combined with LPS significantly enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in HUVECs but decreased nitric oxide (NO) generation. PA also considerably increased the expression of VCAM-1 and E-selectin in HUVECs treated with LPS or IS but decreased occludin expression.Conclusion: Palmitic acid enhances the toxic effect of metabolic endotoxemia on the vascular endothelium.Keywords: metabolic endotoxemia, high-fat diet, palmitic acid, endotoxin, indoxyl sulfatehttps://www.dovepress.com/the-role-of-palmitic-acid-in-the-co-toxicity-of-bacterial-metabolites--peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-VHRMmetabolic endotoxemiahigh-fat dietpalmitic acidendotoxinindoxyl sulfate |
| spellingShingle | Choroszy M Środa-Pomianek K Wawrzyńska M Chmielarz M Bożemska E Sobieszczańska B The Role of Palmitic Acid in the Co-Toxicity of Bacterial Metabolites to Endothelial Cells Vascular Health and Risk Management metabolic endotoxemia high-fat diet palmitic acid endotoxin indoxyl sulfate |
| title | The Role of Palmitic Acid in the Co-Toxicity of Bacterial Metabolites to Endothelial Cells |
| title_full | The Role of Palmitic Acid in the Co-Toxicity of Bacterial Metabolites to Endothelial Cells |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Palmitic Acid in the Co-Toxicity of Bacterial Metabolites to Endothelial Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Palmitic Acid in the Co-Toxicity of Bacterial Metabolites to Endothelial Cells |
| title_short | The Role of Palmitic Acid in the Co-Toxicity of Bacterial Metabolites to Endothelial Cells |
| title_sort | role of palmitic acid in the co toxicity of bacterial metabolites to endothelial cells |
| topic | metabolic endotoxemia high-fat diet palmitic acid endotoxin indoxyl sulfate |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/the-role-of-palmitic-acid-in-the-co-toxicity-of-bacterial-metabolites--peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-VHRM |
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