Unusual charge states and lattice sites of Fe in Al x Ga1−x N:Mn
Charge states and lattice sites of Fe ions in virgin and Mn-doped Al _x Ga _1− _x N samples were investigated using ^57 Fe emission Mössbauer spectroscopy following radioactive ^57 Mn ^+ ion implantation at ISOLDE, CERN. In the undoped Al _x Ga _1− _x N, Fe ^2+ on Al/Ga sites associated with nitroge...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2022-01-01
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| Series: | New Journal of Physics |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac9499 |
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| author | Hilary Masenda Haraldur Páll Gunnlaugsson Rajdeep Adhikari Krish Bharuth-Ram Deena Naidoo Aitana Tarazaga Martín-Luengo Iraultza Unzueta Roberto Mantovan Torben Esmann Mølholt Karl Johnston Juliana Schell Adeleh Mokhles Gerami Petko Krastev Bingcui Qi Sveinn Ólafsson Haflidi Pétur Gíslason Arthur Ernst Alberta Bonanni |
| author_facet | Hilary Masenda Haraldur Páll Gunnlaugsson Rajdeep Adhikari Krish Bharuth-Ram Deena Naidoo Aitana Tarazaga Martín-Luengo Iraultza Unzueta Roberto Mantovan Torben Esmann Mølholt Karl Johnston Juliana Schell Adeleh Mokhles Gerami Petko Krastev Bingcui Qi Sveinn Ólafsson Haflidi Pétur Gíslason Arthur Ernst Alberta Bonanni |
| author_sort | Hilary Masenda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Charge states and lattice sites of Fe ions in virgin and Mn-doped Al _x Ga _1− _x N samples were investigated using ^57 Fe emission Mössbauer spectroscopy following radioactive ^57 Mn ^+ ion implantation at ISOLDE, CERN. In the undoped Al _x Ga _1− _x N, Fe ^2+ on Al/Ga sites associated with nitrogen vacancies and Fe ^3+ on substitutional Al/Ga sites are identified. With Mn doping, the contribution of Fe ^3+ is considerably reduced and replaced instead by a corresponding emergence of a single-line-like component consistent with Fe ^4+ on Al/Ga sites. Density functional theory calculations confirm the Fe ^4+ charge state as stabilised by the presence of substitutional Mn ^2+ in its vicinity. The completely filled spin up orbitals in Mn ^2+ (3d ^5 ) are expected to enhance magnetic exchange interactions. The population of the Fe ^4+ state is less pronounced at high Al concentration in Al _x Ga _1− _x N:Mn, a behaviour attributable to hybridisation effects of 3d states to the semiconductor bands which weakens with increasing (decreasing) Al (Ga) content. Our results demonstrate that co-doping promotes the co-existence of unusual charge states of Fe ^4+ and Mn ^2+ , whereas their trivalent charge states prevail with either transition metal incorporated independently in III-nitrides. Co-doping thus opens up a new avenue for tailoring novel magnetic properties in doped semiconductors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T16:03:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6f1286987a9b4243bfe24611d0f1c6ea |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1367-2630 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T16:03:38Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
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| series | New Journal of Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-6f1286987a9b4243bfe24611d0f1c6ea2023-08-09T14:27:02ZengIOP PublishingNew Journal of Physics1367-26302022-01-01241010300710.1088/1367-2630/ac9499Unusual charge states and lattice sites of Fe in Al x Ga1−x N:MnHilary Masenda0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4722-9622Haraldur Páll Gunnlaugsson1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8958-0245Rajdeep Adhikari2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1275-5916Krish Bharuth-Ram3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9721-6374Deena Naidoo4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-4370Aitana Tarazaga Martín-Luengo5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3078-4649Iraultza Unzueta6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3506-0954Roberto Mantovan7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9353-4137Torben Esmann Mølholt8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4288-0128Karl Johnston9Juliana Schell10Adeleh Mokhles Gerami11Petko Krastev12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3317-0220Bingcui Qi13https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3546-5102Sveinn Ólafsson14https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3104-1142Haflidi Pétur Gíslason15Arthur Ernst16https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-6781Alberta Bonanni17https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4425-0346School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa; Faculty of Physics and Materials Sciences Center, Philipps-Universität Marburg , 35032 Marburg, GermanyScience Institute, University of Iceland , 107 Reykjavík, IcelandInstitute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University , Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040 Linz, AustriaPhysics Department, Durban University of Technology , Durban 4000, South Africa; School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban 4001, South AfricaSchool of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, 2050, South AfricaInstitute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University , Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040 Linz, AustriaDepartment of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Europa 1, 20018 San Sebastian, SpainCNR-IMM Unit of Agrate Brianza , Via Olivetti 2, 20864 Agrate Brianza (MB), ItalyEP Dept, ISOLDE, CERN , 1211 Geneva 23, SwitzerlandEP Dept, ISOLDE, CERN , 1211 Geneva 23, SwitzerlandEP Dept, ISOLDE, CERN , 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland; Institute for Materials Science and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen , 45141 Essen, GermanySchool of Particles and Accelerators, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM) , Tehran P.O. Box 19395-5531, IranInstitute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , 1784 Sofia, BulgariaScience Institute, University of Iceland , 107 Reykjavík, IcelandScience Institute, University of Iceland , 107 Reykjavík, IcelandScience Institute, University of Iceland , 107 Reykjavík, IcelandInstitute for Theoretical Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz , Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria; Max-Planck-Institut of Microstructure Physics , 06120 Halle, GermanyInstitute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University , Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040 Linz, AustriaCharge states and lattice sites of Fe ions in virgin and Mn-doped Al _x Ga _1− _x N samples were investigated using ^57 Fe emission Mössbauer spectroscopy following radioactive ^57 Mn ^+ ion implantation at ISOLDE, CERN. In the undoped Al _x Ga _1− _x N, Fe ^2+ on Al/Ga sites associated with nitrogen vacancies and Fe ^3+ on substitutional Al/Ga sites are identified. With Mn doping, the contribution of Fe ^3+ is considerably reduced and replaced instead by a corresponding emergence of a single-line-like component consistent with Fe ^4+ on Al/Ga sites. Density functional theory calculations confirm the Fe ^4+ charge state as stabilised by the presence of substitutional Mn ^2+ in its vicinity. The completely filled spin up orbitals in Mn ^2+ (3d ^5 ) are expected to enhance magnetic exchange interactions. The population of the Fe ^4+ state is less pronounced at high Al concentration in Al _x Ga _1− _x N:Mn, a behaviour attributable to hybridisation effects of 3d states to the semiconductor bands which weakens with increasing (decreasing) Al (Ga) content. Our results demonstrate that co-doping promotes the co-existence of unusual charge states of Fe ^4+ and Mn ^2+ , whereas their trivalent charge states prevail with either transition metal incorporated independently in III-nitrides. Co-doping thus opens up a new avenue for tailoring novel magnetic properties in doped semiconductors.https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac9499magnetic semiconductorsion implantationMössbauer spectroscopydensity functional theoryexchange interactions |
| spellingShingle | Hilary Masenda Haraldur Páll Gunnlaugsson Rajdeep Adhikari Krish Bharuth-Ram Deena Naidoo Aitana Tarazaga Martín-Luengo Iraultza Unzueta Roberto Mantovan Torben Esmann Mølholt Karl Johnston Juliana Schell Adeleh Mokhles Gerami Petko Krastev Bingcui Qi Sveinn Ólafsson Haflidi Pétur Gíslason Arthur Ernst Alberta Bonanni Unusual charge states and lattice sites of Fe in Al x Ga1−x N:Mn New Journal of Physics magnetic semiconductors ion implantation Mössbauer spectroscopy density functional theory exchange interactions |
| title | Unusual charge states and lattice sites of Fe in Al x Ga1−x N:Mn |
| title_full | Unusual charge states and lattice sites of Fe in Al x Ga1−x N:Mn |
| title_fullStr | Unusual charge states and lattice sites of Fe in Al x Ga1−x N:Mn |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unusual charge states and lattice sites of Fe in Al x Ga1−x N:Mn |
| title_short | Unusual charge states and lattice sites of Fe in Al x Ga1−x N:Mn |
| title_sort | unusual charge states and lattice sites of fe in al x ga1 x n mn |
| topic | magnetic semiconductors ion implantation Mössbauer spectroscopy density functional theory exchange interactions |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac9499 |
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