Real-Time Analysis of Predictors of COVID-19 Infection Spread in Countries in the European Union Through a New Tool
Objectives: Real-time data analysis during a pandemic is crucial. This paper aims to introduce a novel interactive tool called Covid-Predictor-Tracker using several sources of COVID-19 data, which allows examining developments over time and across countries. Exemplified here by investigating relativ...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-10-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Public Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.ssph-journal.org/articles/10.3389/ijph.2022.1604974/full |
| _version_ | 1817982022550814720 |
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| author | Aniko Balogh Aniko Balogh Anna Harman Frauke Kreuter Frauke Kreuter |
| author_facet | Aniko Balogh Aniko Balogh Anna Harman Frauke Kreuter Frauke Kreuter |
| author_sort | Aniko Balogh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives: Real-time data analysis during a pandemic is crucial. This paper aims to introduce a novel interactive tool called Covid-Predictor-Tracker using several sources of COVID-19 data, which allows examining developments over time and across countries. Exemplified here by investigating relative effects of vaccination to non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 spread.Methods: We combine >100 indicators from the Global COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey, Johns Hopkins University, Our World in Data, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, National Centers for Environmental Information, and Eurostat using random forests, hierarchical clustering, and rank correlation to predict COVID-19 cases.Results: Between 2/2020 and 1/2022, we found among the non-pharmaceutical interventions “mask usage” to have strong effects after the percentage of people vaccinated at least once, followed by country-specific measures such as lock-downs. Countries with similar characteristics share ranks of infection predictors. Gender and age distribution, healthcare expenditures and cultural participation interact with restriction measures.Conclusion: Including time-aware machine learning models in COVID-19 infection dashboards allows to disentangle and rank predictors of COVID-19 cases per country to support policy evaluation. Our open-source tool can be updated daily with continuous data streams, and expanded as the pandemic evolves. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T23:14:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6f16255dedd2478a828786cfb58f891f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-8564 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T23:14:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-6f16255dedd2478a828786cfb58f891f2022-12-22T02:25:27ZengFrontiers Media S.A.International Journal of Public Health1661-85642022-10-016710.3389/ijph.2022.16049741604974Real-Time Analysis of Predictors of COVID-19 Infection Spread in Countries in the European Union Through a New ToolAniko Balogh0Aniko Balogh1Anna Harman2Frauke Kreuter3Frauke Kreuter4School of Social Sciences and Mannheim Business School, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, GermanyTÁRKI Social Research Institute, Budapest, HungarySchool of Social Sciences and Mannheim Business School, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, GermanyJoint Program in Survey Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United StatesStatistics and Data Science in Social Sciences and the Humanities at the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, GermanyObjectives: Real-time data analysis during a pandemic is crucial. This paper aims to introduce a novel interactive tool called Covid-Predictor-Tracker using several sources of COVID-19 data, which allows examining developments over time and across countries. Exemplified here by investigating relative effects of vaccination to non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 spread.Methods: We combine >100 indicators from the Global COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey, Johns Hopkins University, Our World in Data, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, National Centers for Environmental Information, and Eurostat using random forests, hierarchical clustering, and rank correlation to predict COVID-19 cases.Results: Between 2/2020 and 1/2022, we found among the non-pharmaceutical interventions “mask usage” to have strong effects after the percentage of people vaccinated at least once, followed by country-specific measures such as lock-downs. Countries with similar characteristics share ranks of infection predictors. Gender and age distribution, healthcare expenditures and cultural participation interact with restriction measures.Conclusion: Including time-aware machine learning models in COVID-19 infection dashboards allows to disentangle and rank predictors of COVID-19 cases per country to support policy evaluation. Our open-source tool can be updated daily with continuous data streams, and expanded as the pandemic evolves.https://www.ssph-journal.org/articles/10.3389/ijph.2022.1604974/fullmachine learningtime series cross-validationinteractive visualizationCOVID-19 predictioncomparative analysesCOVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions |
| spellingShingle | Aniko Balogh Aniko Balogh Anna Harman Frauke Kreuter Frauke Kreuter Real-Time Analysis of Predictors of COVID-19 Infection Spread in Countries in the European Union Through a New Tool International Journal of Public Health machine learning time series cross-validation interactive visualization COVID-19 prediction comparative analyses COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions |
| title | Real-Time Analysis of Predictors of COVID-19 Infection Spread in Countries in the European Union Through a New Tool |
| title_full | Real-Time Analysis of Predictors of COVID-19 Infection Spread in Countries in the European Union Through a New Tool |
| title_fullStr | Real-Time Analysis of Predictors of COVID-19 Infection Spread in Countries in the European Union Through a New Tool |
| title_full_unstemmed | Real-Time Analysis of Predictors of COVID-19 Infection Spread in Countries in the European Union Through a New Tool |
| title_short | Real-Time Analysis of Predictors of COVID-19 Infection Spread in Countries in the European Union Through a New Tool |
| title_sort | real time analysis of predictors of covid 19 infection spread in countries in the european union through a new tool |
| topic | machine learning time series cross-validation interactive visualization COVID-19 prediction comparative analyses COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions |
| url | https://www.ssph-journal.org/articles/10.3389/ijph.2022.1604974/full |
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